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Chapter 14
Chapter 14-16
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Age of Expansion | a period when Europeans explored the globe to find new trade routes, resources, and wealth, leading to the establishment of vast overseas empires |
| Marco Polo | Venetian explorer, wrote the book The Travels of Marco Polo |
| Astrolabe | a multi-purpose astronomical instrument, analog calculator, and navigational tool used to tell time, find latitude, and locate celestial objects |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Portuguese royal prince who sponsored numerous voyages that initiated the Age of Discovery |
| Bartholomeu Dias | a Portuguese explorer from the late 15th century, not the 17th century |
| Vasco da Gama | most famous for discovering the sea route from Europe to India around the Cape of Good Hope in 1498 |
| Goa | defined by its transition from a regional Islamic port to the opulent, yet declining, capital of the Portuguese empire in the East |
| Christopher Columbus | an Italian explorer and navigator who, between 1492 and 1504, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, which were funded by the Spanish monarchy |
| Amerigo Vespucci | an Italian merchant and navigator who explored the coast of South America between the late 15th and early 16th centuries |
| Ferdinand Magellan | a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe between 1519 and 1522 |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands |
| Conquistadors | Spanish or Portuguese soldier-explorer who conquered vast territories in the Americas for the Iberian colonial empires |
| Maya | A place that was in its Postclassic period and undergoing profound and devastating changes |
| Aztec | the powerful Mesoamerican Triple Alliance that dominated central Mexico until the Spanish conquest |
| Inca | a powerful and expansive empire in the Andes, ultimately fractured and dismantled by Spanish conquistadors, disease, and internal conflict |
| Hernan Cortes | led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and initiated the Spanish colonization of modern-day Mexico |
| Francisco Pizarro | a Spanish conquistador known for leading the expedition that conquered the Inca Empire in the 16th century |
| Smallpox | It was a widespread and often lethal disease that plagued societies across Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| Missionaries | Catholic and, later, Protestant individuals sent by European powers to spread Christianity to indigenous populations in newly colonized territories |
| Sugarcane | a globally transformative cash crop |
| Dutch East India Company | a powerful 17th-century corporation that was granted a monopoly on Dutch trade in Asia by the government |
| British East India Company | an English trading company, chartered in 1600, that focused on trade with the East Indies (modern-day India and Southeast Asia) |
| Joint-stock trading company | a business venture, often chartered by a monarch, where investors pooled their money to fund large-scale commercial or colonial enterprises |
| Stock exchange | evolved from informal gatherings for trading commodities and debt to formalized markets for buying and selling shares of new, large-scale companies |
| Commercial capitalism | where profit was accumulated primarily through trade and commerce, rather than production |
| Mercantilism | an economic theory prominent in the 15th-17th centuries where a nation's power was measured by its wealth, which it sought to accumulate by maintaining a favorable balance of trade |
| Columbian exchange | the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, technology, and ideas between the Americas (the New World) and Eurasia and Africa (the Old World) that began in the late 15th century |
| Mercator projection | defined as a revolutionary cylindrical map projection for European maritime navigation |
Created by:
travhuber10