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COMM Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nonverbal Communication | The process of signaling meaning through behavior other than words |
| Leakage Cues | Uncontrolled nonverbal messages that give cues about our feelings, but can also be ambiguous |
| Channel Discrepancy | Words and actions do not match, and nonverbal behaviors are more likely to be believed than verbal ones |
| Nonverbal communication reinforces verbal communication in what 3 ways? | Repeating, complementing, and accenting |
| Truth-default theory | Points out that context is important, and the people have a general tendency to believe others without suspecting deception |
| Emblems | Thumbs-up or okay signs |
| Affect Displays | Nonverbal gestures that convey our positive and negative feelings, moods, and emotions |
| Emotional Intelligence (EI) | The ability to be aware of, identify, and manage your emotions, and the emotions of others by regulating their intensity and applying them to situations involving not just yourself, but others |
| Oculesics | The study of the use the eyes to communicate |
| Haptics | The use of touch to send messages |
| Proxemics | The way we use and communicate with space |
| Chronemics | Involves the use of time as a communicative message, the ways that we perceive and value time, structure our time, and react to time |
| Public-private Dimension | The physical space that affects our nonverbal communication (touching a partners hand while chatting over dinner, but you wouldn't do this to your brother) |
| Informal-formal Dimension | More psychological and deals with our perceptions of personal versus impersonal situations (the formality of the situation is signaled by various nonverbal cues) |
| Intercultural Communication | Communication between people from different cultures who have different worldviews |
| Collectivist Cultures | Emphasize first and foremost that individuals belong to an important close-knit group and community, they value group harmony and stress the importance of conformity with the norms and duties of the group |
| Individualist Cultures | Value each autonomy, privacy, and personal "space", they pay relatively little attention to status and hierarchy based on age or family connections |
| High Power Distance | People with less power tend to accept their lower position as a basic fact of life, experience more anxiety when communicating with those of higher status |
| Low Power Distance | People tolerate less difference in power and communicate with those higher in status with less anxiety |
| Monochronic Cultures | Treat time as a limited resource |
| Polychronic Cultures | More comfortable dealing with multiple people and tasks at the same time |
| Social Identity Theory | You have a personal identity which is your sense of your unique, individual personality, and you have a social identity, the part of self-concept that comes from your group memberships |
| Intergroup Communication | A branch of discipline that focuses on how communication within and between groups affects relationships |
| Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory | Argues that in order to have effective intercultural communication, we need to be able to manage our anxiety and uncertainty about people from other cultural groups |
| Ethnocentrism | A belief in the superiority of your own culture or group and a tendency to view other cultures through the lens of your own |
| Intercultural Sensitivity | Mindfulness of behaviors that may offend others |
| Cross Cultural Adaptation Theory | Successful adjustment involves going through a dynamic process of stress, followed by adaptation, and then growth |
| Intergroup Contact Theory | Argues that interaction between members of different social groups generates a possibility for more positive attitudes to emerge |
| Behavioral Confirmation | When we act in a way that makes our expectations about a group come true |
| Cognitive Component | Listening involves the mental processes of selecting messages to focus on, giving them our attention, and then trying to understand them |
| Behavioral Component | Showing the person that you understand and remember the information given |
| Relational Listening (Empathetic) | Accomplishes the work of maintaining your relationships, goal is to understand the key or takeaway points of what is being said to you |
| Task-Oriented Listening (Informational or Comprehensive) | To understand the key or takeaway points of what is being said to you |
| Analytical Listening | Involves taking in and organizing many pieces of information without making a judgement |
| Critical Listening | Focuses on evaluating the information you are hearing and finding any inconsistencies and/or errors in what is being said |
| Social Listening | Occurs when we attend to, observe, interpret, and/or respond to messages on mediated channels |
| Listening Apprehension | A state of uneasiness, anxiety, fear, or dread associated with a listening opportunity |
| Impersonal Communication | Involves verbal and nonverbal messages that are not unique or designed to build a relationship |
| Relational Network | Web of relationships that connects individuals to one another |
| Social Relationships | Relationships that are functional within a specific context but are less intimate than friendship |
| Social Information Processing Theory | Argues that communicators use unique language and stylistic cues in their online messages to develop relationships that are just as close as those that develop face to face |
| Hyperpersonal Communication | Can exceed face-to-face relational development in speed, intimacy, and self-presentation |
| Parasocial Interaction (PSI) | When a person feels close to and invested in a celebrity or media personality |
| Social Exchange Theory | Explains this process of balancing the advantages and disadvantages of a relationship and argues that relationships begin, grow, and deteriorate based on an exchange of rewards and costs |
| Uncertainty Reduction Theory | When two people meet, the uncertainty they have about each other is uncomfortable, so their main focus is on decreasing that uncertainty |
| Passive Strategies | Involves observing others communicating without interacting with them yourself |
| Active Strategies | Speaking directly with that person rather than observing or asking others for information |
| Relational Dialectics Theory | Holds that contradictory feelings tug at us in every relationship, whether it is a newly formed friendship or a committed romantic partnership |
| Dialectical Tensions | They can be external (between the partners and the people with whom they interact) or internal (within their relationship) |
| Social Penetration Theory (SPT) | Explains how partners move from superficial levels to greater intimacy |
| Communication Privacy Management (CPM) Theory | Explains that people believe they own the information they hold about themselves and make decisions about whether they will disclose or protect it |
| Types of Reconciliation | Spontaneous development, third-party mediation, high affect, tacit persistence, mutual interaction, avoidance |
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