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memory psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is memory? | Info processing. |
| Describe the Atkinson and Shriffrin stage (or modal) model | Described memory as having 3 stages |
| Sensory | Function:Takes in sensory info from environment, sight, sound etc. Capacity: Very large. Duration: ¼-3 sec |
| STM | Function: Active working memory, attending sensory info from retrieving info from LTM. Duration: 20 sec, Capacity: About 7+2 items, cam hold around 5-9 pieces of info |
| LTM | Function: Permanent storage for info, Capacity: Unlimited, Duration: Can last from min to life time. |
| Iconic memory | Visual info, snapshot of what you see less than 1 sec |
| Echonic memory | Auditory info- sounds, recalling the last few words of someone if you weren't fully paying attention |
| How does information get from sensory memory to STM | Information moves from Sensory memory to short term memory when you are paying attention to it. |
| What was the purpose of the Peterson and Peterson (1959) study | They wanted to find out how quickly information is forgotten from STM if you dont keep repeating it. |
| How can we increase the duration of STM | Repeating |
| How can we increase the capacity of STM | chunking |
| What is a chunk | Being able to chink things together to reamber them easier |
| What is elaborative rehearsal | Remembering by understanding and connecting new ideas to existing knowledge Knowing definition |
| What is levels of processing theory | The deeper you think about something the more you likely would remember |
| What is the self-referent effect? | Your own experiences, feelings, or traits Remember info better when you relate it to yourself- related to you |
| What is a semantic network? | Mental model showing how concepts and info are organized in the brain, A web of connected ideas in memory, organized by meaning. |
| What is a schema? | An organized cluster of “ knowledge” stored in LTM |
| Script? | Things that happen in order |
| Stereotype? | Beliefs or expectations about people based on race, job, gender, age, etc |
| Briefly describe the research by Elizabeth Loftus | Studied how memory can be distorted by suggestion, leading people to remember events that never happened. |
| What is declarative memory? | LTM facts, and events you can recall and describe |
| Semantic- | Facts, concepts, general knowledge ( knowing 2 +2+4) |
| Episodic= | Personal experiences or events ( remembering last b day party) |
| Procedural | LTM how to do things |
| Describe the work conducted by Karl Lashley | How memories are stored in the brain. |
| Where are memories stored in the brain? | Hippocampus |
| What is retrograde amnesia | Loss of memory for events before injury |
| Antrograde- | Cant remember memories that were formed in the past ( car ascend is a cause) |
| Overlearning | Continue to study after youve mastered it |
| Massed | cramming |
| Distributed | spread out |
| Mnemonics | Tricks- ROYGBIVE to remember the rainbow colors |
| Imagery | mental pictures |
| What is the primacy effect | Best to remember the first items on a list because they cause attention- move into LTM |
| Distinctiveness- | Remember unique or unusual things- stand out cause attention |
| Frequency- | repeated |
| Recency | Remember last things on the list because they are till in STM |
| constructive nature of memory | Memory is not a perfect recording |
| repressed memory controversy | Can people black out memories of traumatic memories or events and later recover them accurately- are they false memories did it really happen? |
| recall | Have to remember yourself |
| Recognition- | Identify something that's familiar- ( Multiple choice questions) |
| What is meant by state-dependent memory (also known as context-dependent memory) | You are more likely to remember something when you are in the same psychical, emotional, or mental state as when you first learned it |
Created by:
emt2023hawkins