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HIST EXAM 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muckrakers | Journalists expose corruption - progressive - Upton Sinclair (meat packing "The Jungle") Ida Wells (exposed lynchings "Souther Horrors") Ida Tarbell (Rockefeller oil used illegal & unethical tactics to destroy competition) Jacob Riis (photographer) |
| The Jungle, Upton Sinclair | Went undercover as a worker in the meat-packing industry & exposed poor working conditions |
| Suffrage | Southern & Eastern women couldn't vote - Suffragettes : women in white showing their purity and how they would clean up the corruption if they could vote |
| Prohibition | Thought that by getting rid of alcohol, the majority of problems would go away - Anti-immigrant movement: foreigners were drunks and were bringing alcohol to America |
| Civil Rights | early 1900's |
| WEB DuBois | Radical, Immediate Change - Born Free Man |
| Booker T. Washington | Gradual Change - Former Slave - Wanted education and self-reliance for black communities |
| Causes of Imperialism | the strong will survive (social Darwinism) - protect trade routes |
| Spanish American War, USS Maine Controversy | Americans thought Spain blew up our ship, Roosevelt ordered an attack (without permission) because of the ship misunderstanding |
| Critique of Imperialism | Philippine Revolt & Boxer (Chinese) Rebellion soured Americans on the idea of empire (we want democracy, we don’t want to colonize people) - bloody & brutal battles |
| Theodore Roosevelt “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick” | Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy, emphasizing diplomacy backed by military strength |
| Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary | Monroe Doctrine 1823 - A warning to Europe, stay out of the Western Hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary 1904 - The Western Hemisphere is our turf. We will intervene. |
| Panama Canal | Roosevelt built the Panama Canal for trade (shorter route) and national defense Panama belonged to Colombia, which didn’t want to give it up. Roosevelt staged a revolt in Panama and made it look like America was protecting the people of Panama |
| Great White Fleet | We painted them white as a sign of our power (we don’t need to camouflage) This was our “big stick” We sent the great white fleet on tour to show off our power |
| Causes of WWI | Great War - Europe is killing itself, we don't get in until 1917 |
| American Neutrality, Loans and Weapons | we claimed to be neutral but loaned money and weapons to the Allied Power: Britain and France (our economy boomed) |
| British Propaganda | Started with the Lusitania sinking - propaganda against Germany to further American attitude |
| Lusitania | Sunk by German submarine - had famous Americans on board - had weapons on board which is why it was a target - started to change American attitudes towards Germany |
| Unrestricted Submarine Warfare | Germany launches this - means they will sink any ship in the ocean - "Stop helping Britain & France or we will sink your ships" |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Foreign Minister of Germany sent a telegram to Mexico: "if you side Germany, we will get you back the territory you lost in the Mexican-American War" - this sent us into war |
| Espionage Act | 1917 - Illegal to criticize government during war |
| Tulsa Riots | 1921 - white mob attacked the prosperous Black community |
| Consumer Culture | huge growth - high wages, new technology, mass production, easy credit, leisure time |
| Radio and Popular Culture | Americans became connected |
| Movie and Sports Celebrities | Business opportunity: people will want to buy items similar to celebrities( Boxing & Baseball) - Babe Ruth, Joe Louis |
| Jazz Age | Captured emotions of the average American, considered sinful and rebellious (ITS GONNA MAKE YOU HAVE SEX) |
| Saloon Culture | women went to saloons (new thing) - drinking during prohibition, jazz playing, gender barriers break |
| Reactionary Politics | Push-back against change - anti-immigrants, prohibition, rebirth of KKK, traditional vs. modern, fundamentalists think we have to restore morality to save America |
| Nativism, Immigration Act 1924 | Cut off immigration dramatically - immigrants pollute American culture |
| Prohibition | Protect daughters from evils of society - protect families and households - end crimes - prohibition gang wars (immigrant gangs) - |
| KKK | Came back dramatically because black soldiers demand rights - wanted to stop immigration too - 1930's they fade away |
| Fundamentalism | restore morality and the bible in America - fear of modern society - science will destroy religion - Scopes Monkey Trial (teaching science should be allowed... science vs religion) |
| Stock Market Crash | didn’t cause the depression, was a symptom of everything else - more psychological than economic - 1929 - Wall Street lost 80-90% value in stocks |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | Placed in the 1920s to protect industries |
| Downward Spiral | Panic, Layoffs, Foreclosures - homes and farms. ¼ of farms were foreclosed in one day, Bankruptcies - businesses were going bankrupt, and so were banks, Bank Failures, Deflation - destroys an economy, everyone blames everyone/everything else |
| Bank Runs | Everyone went to take their money out before the bank collapsed |
| Deflation | no one bought anything in hopes that prices would keep going down - resulted in more layoffs and business failures (never-ending cycle) |
| Hooverville | Hoover is president - People lost their homes and built shacks and tents outside of town, which were called Hoovervilles - unemployment was 25% - people who had jobs had terrible wages and hours |
| 1932 Election | Roosevelt pretty much won the whole country - represents an end to social Darwinism |
| The New Deal | government programs to end depression and prevent depressions |
| Bank Holiday | Roosevelt shut down the banks for a few days, then went on the radio and explained how banks work and what the government is going to do. When the banks opened again, people put money back into the banks |
| Fireside Chats | Roosevelt went on the radio, speaking directly to Americans about his policies and reassuring the public |
| CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps - Put 2 million young men to work - paid them and their families - Roosevelt knew Americans wouldn’t like free money, they wanted to be proud of their work and support their families |
| AAA | Agricultural Adjustment Act - production was too high, cut back made prices go up - set up guaranteed price for production, maintained production |
| FDIC | money is ensured in the bank - stopped bank runs - restored confidence and prevents panic |
| Social Security | Safety net program - keep elderly out of poverty - worker disability |
| Court Packing Plan | increase size of supreme court - Roosevelt could pick them - criticized greatly for it - supreme court stopped striking down laws |
| 1937 Recession | cut back on government spending and employment programs, recession started, Roosevelt blamed - sharp decline in industrial production and rising unemployment |
Created by:
emileemorton