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BIO: Evolution

TermDefinition
Adaptation the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment or a specific heritable trait that arose and was favored by natural selection for its contribution to survival and reproduction
Natural Selection Those with advantageous traits will survive and pass those traits on
Bottleneck Effect when a large group of animals or plants suddenly becomes a lot smaller usually because of a natural disaster and the surviving population is much less diverse than the original
Divergent when animals that started from one ancestor start to change in different ways to become new separate species
Speciation when one species evolves into two or more new species that are so different they can no longer have babies together
Vestigial Structures body parts or organs that have lost their original function through evolution
Cladogram a diagram like a family tree for evolution that shows how different living things are related based on their shared ancestors
Convergent Evolution when two unrelated species evolve similar traits because they face similar environmental challenges
Founder Effect when a small group of individuals starts a new population and they don't have all the same genes as the original group
Stabilizing Selection when nature favors the average traits in a population and animals or plants with those "just right" traits are more likely to survive and have babies
Analogous Structures body parts that have a similar job in different animals but they developed on their own and don't have the same starting blueprint
Genetic Drift when a population's genes change just by chance like a game of luck
Directional Selection when nature favors one extreme trait in a population causing the average of that trait to shift in one direction over time
Evolution Genetic change over time in a population
Homologous Structures body parts that are similar in different animals because they share a common ancestor even if they have different jobs now
Punctuated Equilibrium a theory of evolution where species stay the same for a long time or "equilibrium" and then change very quickly in a short amount of time
Survival of the Fittest The strongest survive
 



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