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Psychology
Study Guide Chap.3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system. | False, Central nervous system |
| The somatic nervous system regulates vital functions like breathing. | False, autonomic nervous system |
| Neurons release neurotransmitters to send messages across synapses. | True |
| Sensory messages are transmitted by the autonomic nervous system. | False, Somatic nervous system |
| The dendrite produces energy that fuels a neuron’s activity. | False, Cell body |
| “I am the system that transmits messages from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.” | Peripheral nervous system |
| “I am the part of a neuron that transmits messages away from the cell body.” | Axon |
| “I am the junction between two neurons.” | Synapse |
| “I am the part of the central nervous system that runs down the back.” | Spinal cord |
| “I am released by neurons to carry messages across synapses.” | Neurons |
| The brain’s _______________________ areas shape information into meaningful information. | Association |
| The outer layer of the brain is known as the cerebral _______________________. | Cortex |
| The _______________________ transmits sensory information to the areas of the brain that interpret and respond to the information. | Thalamus |
| The midbrain includes the _______________________ activating system, which regulates alertness and arousal. | Reticular |
| The _______________________ connects the two hemispheres of the brain. | Corpus callosum |
| The _______________________ system is made up of a series of glands located throughout the body. | Endocrine |
| _______________________ are substances that stimulate growth and many kinds of reactions, such as changes in activity levels and physical moods. | Hormones |
| The ____________________ gland, sometimes called the “master gland,” secretes hormones that affect various aspects of behavior. | Pituitary |
| _______________________ is the primary male sex hormone. | Testosterone |
| The _______________________ gland produces a hormone that affects the body’s metabolism. | Thyroid |
| Supporters of the nature theory of personality development believe that a person’s traits are determined mainly by his or her biological makeup. | True |
| Fraternal twins have exactly the same genetic makeup. | False, identical |
| The presence of extra chromosomes can lead to physical and behavioral disorders. | True |
| The nature theory of personality development says that a person’s environment is most important in shaping his or her behavior. | False, nurture |
| Some genetic disorders are caused by the mutation of genes. | True |
| A person’s traits are determined by pairs of _______________________, one inherited from each parent. | Genes |
| To study the roles of heredity and environment in personality development, some psychologists study _______________________ because they share all of the same genes. | Identical twins |
| The _______________________ issue is related to the roles of biology and environment in the development of personalities. | Nature-nurture |
| Human genes are found in _______________________, which are composed of DNA. | Chromosomes |
| Genetic disorders can be inherited, or they can be caused by the _______________________ of a gene. | Mutation |
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