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Fungi

QuestionAnswer
Fungi are: Single-Cellular or Multicellular Sexual or Asexual Unusual Mitosis Absorb nutrients
Paraphyletic Phylum Zygomycota
Multicellular fungi consist of long slender filaments called Hyphae
Flows through hyphae cytoplasm
Mass of connected hyphae that grows through and digests substrate Mycelium
Fungal cell walls contain Chitin
one nucleus Monokaryotic
two nuclei Dikaryotic
nuclei from genetically distinct individuals Heterokaryotic
nuclei from genetically similar individuals Homokaryotic
Mitosis in fungi is: Unusual
all fungi lack centrioles except Chytrids
Cells are not relevant units in Fungi Reproduction
Sexual reproduction Fusion of two hyphae of compatible mating types
1n+1n Dikaryon stage
Diploid cell 2n
Sexual reproduction forms: Mushrooms
Obtains food by Secreting digestive enzyme
Genetic advantage Great surface-area to volume difference
Fungi break down: Cellulose and lignin
Principle decomposers Fungi and bacteria
One organism is completely dependent on another for survival Obligate Symbiosis
Organisms are not completely dependent on each other for survival Facultative Symbiosis
A fungi and bacteria that are symbiotic Lichen
Mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants Mycorrhizae
found in roots of 90% of vascular plants Mycorrhizae
Functional extensions of the root system Mycorrhizae
No above ground fruiting Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
May increase crop yield Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
Hyphae penetrate the root cell wall but not the membrane Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
Forest tree hosts Ectomycorrhizae
partners with basidiomycetes Ectomycorrhizae
hyphae surround roots but do not penetrate the cell wall Ectomycorrhizae
Makes food unpalatable, poisonous, or carcinogenic Mycotoxins
Fungal infections are difficult to treat because Humans and fungi are phylogenetically close
Most familiar fungi basidiomycota
Mushrooms and toadstools Basidiomycota
Rusts and smuts Basidiomycota
Karyogamy Only diploid cell in life cycle
Yeasts Ascomycota
Mold Ascomycota
Truffles Ascomycota
Penicillin Ascomycota
Ascomycota reproduction primarily asexual
Created by: user-1996760
 

 



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