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Earth Science
packet 26, 27, 28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was a common misunderstanding people had about Earth throughout history? | Earth doesn't change |
| Why do humans rarely notice Earth's changes? | Humans have relatively short lifespans compared to Earth |
| What do geologists study? | The structure of the Earth |
| According to the text, what inspired Florence Bascom to become interested in geology? | A road trip with her father |
| According to the law of superposition, where are the oldest rocks and fossils found? | In the bottom layer |
| What happens to rock layers during folding? | They appear in wavy patterns |
| What evidence proves that the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ancient ocean? | Marine fossils in the Redwall Limestone layer |
| Scientists who study past life on Earth are called: | Paleontologists |
| Which type of fossil shows detailed outlines of organisms like fish? | Impression fossils |
| What are trace fossils? | Imprints like footprints or teeth marks |
| How do mineral replacement fossils form? | Bones dissolve and are replaced by minerals |
| What can scientists learn by examining dinosaur teeth? | What the dinosaur ate |
| What evidence shows that Mount Everest was once level with the ocean floor? | Marine fossils found at its peak |
| How big was a megalodon tooth? | As big as your hand |
| Where have Ice Age fossils been found in Los Angeles? | In tar pits |
| What percentage of fossils found in the Los Angeles tar pits were from predators? | About 90 percent |
| How do paleontologists determine if rock layers are from the same geologic time period? | By comparing the fossils found within them |
| What happens during the compaction process in sedimentary rock formation? | Pressure pushes sediments together |
| What happens when limestone is exposed to high heat and pressure? | It becomes marble |
| What is magma called once it leaves the inside of the planet? | Lava |
| Which type of igneous rock forms on Earth's surface? | Extrusive rocks |
| Why do intrusive igneous rocks have crystals? | Because they cool slowly |
| What is the process that breaks down rocks called? | Weathering |
| Which of the following is NOT a cause of weathering? | Plants growing tall |
| What happens when water freezes in the cracks of rocks? | It breaks the rocks apart |
| What is erosion? | The transportation of weathered rock pieces |
| What natural feature was formed by weathering and erosion in Arizona? | The Grand Canyon |
| Why is it important that ice floats on water? | It prevents marine life from dying when oceans freeze |
| What is a spelunker? | A person who explores caves |
| Which national park has the longest cave system in the world? | Mammoth Cave National Park |
| How can plants PREVENT weathering and erosion? | By keeping the soil in place |
| What is frost wedging? | A process where water freezes and expands in rock cracks |
| What was the first national park established in the United States? | Yellowstone National Park |
| What is one reason why you should never touch rock formations in caves? | The oils on your skin can stop formations from growing |
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