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path test 2: p2
path test 2: p2 ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| low or inadequte amount | hypoactive |
| high or excess amount | hyperactive |
| enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by increase in the reproduction rate of its cells | hyperplasia |
| excess GH after the growth plates have closed - adult | acromegaly |
| excess growth and height in children | giantism |
| high blood sugar levels | hyperglycemia |
| adrenal cortex produces what | cortisol, aldosterone, androgens |
| cortisol = | regulate metabolism and respond to stress |
| aldosterone | help control BP |
| androgens = | sex hormones |
| adrenal medulla produces | epinephrine, norepinephrine; regulate cardiac, glucose, muscle contraction |
| fight or flight response is apart of | adrenal medulla |
| occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time ; caused by medication or pituitary tumor | cushings syndrome |
| excess production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands; causes retention of sodium and water an abnormal loss of potassium in the urine | aldosteronism |
| abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones characterized by masculinzaiton of women | adrenogenital syndrome |
| adrenogenital syndrome can cause | dwarfism ; ambiguous genitals, enlarged penis |
| underactivity of the adrenal glands, deficiency of the steroid hormone cortisol | hypoadrealism |
| rapidly growing tumors usually necrotic masses | adrenal carcinoma |
| a rare tumor that produces an excess of vasopressor substances (epin and norepin) causing HTN | pheochromcytoma |
| cancer that starts in certain very early forms of nerve cells found in an embryo or fetus | neruoblastoma |
| what is the second most common malignancy in children | neuroblastoma |
| Pituitary gland anterior lobe contains | ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, prolactin, TSH |
| pituitary gland posterior lobe | ADH and oxytocin |
| a condition due to the primary secretion of pituitary hormones | hyperpituitarism |
| diminished hormone secretion; causing dwarfism in children and premature agin in adults | hypopituitarism |
| treatment for children with hypopituitarism | subcutaneous injection or recombination growth hormone |
| occurs when the body can't regulate how it handles fluid due to the low levels of ADH. Increase in thirst and dilution of urine | diabetes insipidus |
| kidneys fail to respond to circulating ADH | nephrogenic |
| what gland is in the neck that secretes hormone regulating GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT through the rate of metabolism | thyroid gland |
| what two hormones does the thyroid gland make | t3 and t4 |
| what is the imaging modality that is superior for demonstrating both functioning and nonfunctioning thyroid tissue | radioactive iodine scanning |
| excessive production of thyroid hormone, either from the entire gland or from one or more functioning adenomas | hyperthyroidism |
| results from any structural or functional abnormality that leads to an insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormone | hypothyroidism |
| hypothyroidism at birth is | cretinism |
| iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid glands | goiter |
| encapsulated tumors that vary greatly in size and usually compress adjacent tissue | benign thyroid adenomas |
| most common thyroid carcinoma | papillary : 75-80% |
| follicular thyroid carcinomas | 15% - usually women over 50, early hematogenous spread (lungs and bones) |
| medullary thyroid carcinoma | familial, most often appearing as a component of syndrome, which ther are multiple endocrine tumors |
| purpose of parathyroid glands | 1. increase calcium absorbed from GI tract 2. prevent loss of calcium through renals and releases calcium in bones by stimulating osteoclastic activity 3. serum phosphate levels reduced |
| parathyroid glands regulates what | calcium and phosphate |
| Excessive secretion of parathormone leads to a generalized disorder of calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism that results in elevated serum values. | hyperparathyroidism |
| what type of hyperparathyroidism is caused by discrete adenoma , carcinoma, or generalized hyperplasia of all glands | primary |
| what type of hyperparathyroidism is attributable to chronic renal failure | secondary |
| more frequent type of hyperparathyroidsim | secondary |
| type of hyperparathyroidism where the development of autonomous functioning parathyroid glands in pt’s who demonstrate progressive bone disease in the presence of biochemical and clinically controlled renal disease. | tertiary |
| Causes sustained muscular contraction, muscle cramps in head/feet and numbness/tingling of extremities. Usually results from injury or accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. | hypoparathyroidism |
| is a hereditary disorder, associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. | pseudohypoparathyroidism |
| presence of simialr skeletal anomalies in other members of the pts faimily in the absence of biochemical disturbances | pseudopseudohypoparathyroidsim |
| Common endocrine disorder in which the pancreas fails to secrete insulin or target cells fail to respond to this hormone | diabetes mellitus |
| develops in children requires daily insulin injections | juvenile-onset DM |
| develops later in life can be controlled by diet alone | non-insulin dependents |
| symptoms of DM | polyuiria, ploydipsia, glycosuria |
| bulging of the neck | goiter |
| bulging eyes | graves disease |
| moon-shaped face, buffalo hump | cuchings syndrome |
Created by:
macummins1