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Biomechanics exam 1

QuestionAnswer
Biomechanics Application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms
Kinematics Study of description of motion
Kinetics Study of forces associated with motion
Statics Focuses in systems in a constant state of motion
Dynamics Focuses on systems subject to acceleration
Qualitative
Description of quality without numbers
Quantitative Involves the use of numbers
Solving biomechanics problems in the real world 1. Identify questions 2. Analyze the question 3. Solve the problem/answer the question
Solving formal biomechanical problems (1-5) 1. Read the problem carefully 2. List the given information 3. Listed the desired information that you’re solving for 4. Draw diagram of the problem with the known/unknown information 5. Write down formulas of use
Solving formal biomechanical problems (6-10) 6. Identify the formula of use 7. Reread problem and/or determine if more information is needed 8. Input the given informstion into the formula of use 9. Sove the equation 10. Chekc that the answer is reasonable and clearly box in the answer
Planning a qualitative analysis 1. Identify major questions 2. Determine optimal perspectives 3. Determine viewing distance 4. Number if trials 5. Performers attire and surroundings 6. Visual observation or video camera
Linear motion Motion along a straight or curved line with all parts of the body moving in the same direction at the same speed. Also known as translation Rectilinear- along a straight line Curvilinear- along a curved line
Angular motion Involving rotation around a central line or point Axis of rotation- imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of rotation, passing through the center of rotation
General motion Combination of linear and angular motion
Force Push and pull acting on a body (N)
F= ma Force = mass * acceleration
net force resultant force derived from the composition of 2+ forces
mass quantity of matter contained in an object (kg)
weight gravitational force the earth exerts on a body (N) gravity= -9.81m/s^2
inertia tendency for a body to resist a change in its current state of motion
center of gravity the point around which a body's weight is equally balanced, no matter how the body is positioned
pressure force per unit area over which a force acts (N/cm^2)
P=F/A pressure= force/ surface area
volume 3D space occupied by a body (length cubed)
V=LxWxH volume= lengths * width * height
density mass per unit of volume (kg/m^3)
p=m/V density= mass/volume
torque rotary effect of an eccentric force (N-m)
T=Fd torque= force * perpendicular distance
impulse the product of force and the time over which the force is acting change in momentum (N*s)
J=Ft impulse= force *time
compression pressing or squeezing force directed through a body
tension pulling or stretching force directed through a body
shear force directed parallel or tangent to a surface
bending asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side and compression on the opposite side
torsion load producing twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis
combined loading simultaneous action of 2+ of the pure forms of loading
mechanical stress distribution of force within a body
stress= F/A stress= force/ area
deformation change in shape
yield point exact point on the curve which deformation becomes permanent
elastic region temporary deformation
plastic region permanent deformation
ultimate failure point loss of structural/ mechanical continuity
acute loading application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue (high load, low frequency)
repetitive loading repeated application of a subacute loas that is usually of relatively low magnitude (low load, high frequency)
tools for measuring kinetic quantities force plate pressure platforms dynamometers
Created by: Aylac17
 

 



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