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Unit 1: Marathon Run

Unit 1: Marathon Run Unit Test!!!

TermDefinition
Observations Facts or data collected using the five senses (sight, smell, touch, taste, hearing) or scientific instruments.
Inferences Conclusions or explanations based on observations and prior knowledge.
Qualitative Observations Qualitative Observations: Descriptions without numbers (e.g., color, texture).
Quantitative Observations Quantitative Observations: Measurements involving numbers (e.g., length, temperature).
Graphing: Title Clearly describes what the graph represents.
Graphing: X-Axis Independent variable (what you control).
Graphing: Y-Axis Dependent variable (what you measure).
Graphing: Scale Choose an appropriate scale that evenly spreads out the data.
Graphing: Legend Use when graphing multiple data sets to explain symbols or colors used.
Key tips to Graphs a. Always label axes and provide a title. b. Choose the right graph for the data you're representing.
Cellular Respiration: What are the inputs for Cellular Respiration to occur? Oxygen and Glucose
Cellular Respiration: What are the outputs for Cellular Respiration to occur? Water, ATP (energy) and Carbon Dioxide
Homeostasis All the components of the living things, from the cells and the organelles within them to the organ systems of complex organisms must interact to maintain a balanced internal environment within the organism. This is known as homeostasis.
What happens if an organism cannot maintain homeostasis through dynamic equilibrium? It can lead to Death or Illness
Feedback Mechanism specific ways which have evolved in different living things to respond to internal or external environmental changes and maintain homeostasis.
Negative Feedback Mechanism (with examples) A process that maintains a stable internal environment, or homeostasis, by counteracting any change Some examples are: Body Temperature and Blood Sugar Level (Insulin)
Positive Feedback Mechanism (with examples) A process where the body intensifies a change or a response instead of reversing it Some examples are: Childbirth, Blood Clotting
Osmoregulation The process by which living organisms regulate the balance of water and solutes (like salts) in their bodies to maintain stable internal conditions
Cell Membrane phospholipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell.
Selective Permeability It controls what enters and exits the cell. Small cells can pass through the cell freely (oxygen, carbon dioxide), while larger/charged molecules (glucose, ions) require special transport proteins
Cell Communication Contains receptors that allow cells to communicate with their environment and other cells
Transport Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Passive Transport Movement of substances across the membrane without using energy, following the concentration gradient (high to low concentration).
Active Transport Requires energy (usually ATP) to move substances against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration) via transport proteins.
Examples of Passive Transport ○ Diffusion: Simple movement of small molecules. ○ Facilitated Diffusion: Uses proteins to move molecules across. ○ Osmosis: Movement of water molecules.
Examples of Active Transport ○ Sodium-Potassium pump, which moves sodium and potassium ions across a cell membrane ○ Endocytosis and Exocytosis, which transport large particles or fluids into or out of a cell.
Thermoregulation The process by which an organism maintains a stable internal body temperature. This is achieved by balancing heat generation and heat loss
Circulatory system and its function The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen and wastes around the body.
Respiratory system and its function The respiratory system does gas exchange which brings oxygen in and removes carbon dioxide
Endocrine system and its function The endocrine system regulates blood sugar, water levels
Excretory system and its function The excretory system allows water reuptake in kidneys
Created by: Anwaar Khan
 

 



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