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NATURAL SELECTION

QuestionAnswer
What is evolution The process of biological change in populations over time that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors.
What are the two types of evolution Microevolution (small-scale within a population) and macroevolution (large-scale across species).
Who developed the theory of natural selection Charles Darwin.
Where did Darwin make key observations On the Galapagos Islands.
What does 'survival of the fittest' mean Organisms with the best traits live longer and reproduce more.
What is 'fitness' A measure of how well an organism can survive in its environment.
What are the four principles of natural selection Overproduction of offspring, variation, adaptation, and descent with modification.
What causes competition in populations Overproduction of offspring and limited resources.
What is variation Differences in physical traits of organisms.
What are the sources of variation Random mutations, genetic recombination during meiosis, and migration (gene flow).
What is an adaptation A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment.
What happens to beneficial traits over time They become more common because they help organisms survive and reproduce.
Who evolves: individuals or populations Populations evolve, not individuals.
What changes during evolution The gene frequency (allele frequency) in a population over time.
What is the gene pool The combined alleles of all individuals in a population.
What is mutation Any change in DNA sequence; creates new genotypes and phenotypes.
How do mutations affect evolution Increase variation and can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial.
What is natural selection (as a mechanism) Organisms more fit for their environment survive and reproduce more, passing on beneficial traits.
What is genetic drift Random change in allele frequency over time, especially in small populations.
What is gene flow Movement of genes into or out of a population through migration.
What is sexual selection Non-random mating based on traits that improve chances of reproduction rather than survival.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium When allele frequencies in a population do not change over time (no evolution).
What are the five conditions for equilibrium Large population, random mating, no migration, no mutations, no natural selection.
What happens if one of these conditions is not met The population is evolving.
Created by: pnetha
 

 



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