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Com - mod 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 examination types? | complete, limited, inspection, screening |
| Examples of complete exam | radiographs, study models, lab tests, mouth mirror and explorer |
| Examples of limited exam | mouth mirror and explorer, adequate lighting, radiographs |
| Examples of inspection exam | mouth mirror and explorer, light source (usually hospital setting) |
| Examples of screening exam | light source, tongue depressor (usually school setting) |
| Dental indices | an expression of clinical observation in numeric value |
| Index | a graduated, numeric scale with upper and lower limits; scores correspond to a specific criterion for individuals or populations |
| What value does an index present? | can be more consistent and less subjective than a word description of the condition; allows for comparison |
| Why use indices in community health? | shows prevalence/trends, provides baseline data, assesses the needs, compares and evaluates |
| Simple index | one that measures the presence or absence of a condition (plaque on the tooth) |
| Cumulative index | one that measures all the evidence of a condition (plaque on tooth-impact on gingivitis) |
| Reversable indices | measures condition that can be reversed or resolved |
| Irreversible indices | measures cumulative condition that cannot be reversed |
| Characteristics of an effective index | simple to use/calculate, minimal expense, minimal time to complete, clear-cut criteria, free from subjective interpretation |
| Intraexaminer | one examiner |
| Interexaminer | two or more examiners |
| Caires indices (irreversible) | DMFT/DMFS/RCI/deft/dft/dfs |
| Oral hygiene indices (reversible) | OHI/PII/PHP |
| PHP stands for | patient hygiene performance |
| PII stands for | plaque index |
| OHI -S stands for | simplified oral hygiene index |
| Gingivitis indices (reversible) | GI/SBI |
| Fluorosis indices (irreversbile) | deans classification for dental fluorosis |
| Periodontal indices (irreversibile) | PDI/PI/PSr |
| PDI stands for | periodontal disease index |
| PI stands for | periodontal index |
| PSR stands for | periodontal screening and recording |
| CPI stands for | community periodontal index |
| Characteristics of CPI | developed by WHO, uses special probe, rapid |
| Biostatistics | data analysis and interpretation in health care research |
| What are the scales of measure | nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio |
| Nominal | organize data collected into mutually exclusive categories; no attempt is made to compare individuals within categories |
| Ordinal | used to categorize and organize objects or characteristics into mutually exclusive categories and into a rank order based on some criterion |
| Interval | measures predetermined equivalent intervals as well as the rank order of the variable measured |
| Ratio | the highest level of measurement as it contains all of the characteristics of the nominal, ordinal, and interval scales in addition to having an absolute zero |
| A score of 3 or 4 will indicate what in regards to a PSR probe | the need for full periodontal assessment |
| Any abnormal findings require a full assessment; what is included in this assessment | CAL over 5.5mm, mobility, MGI, recession, furcation's |
| Raw data | collected information is presented in no certain order |
| Data matrix | raw data are listed from lowest to highest |
| Frequency distribution | division of data into convenient size classes (usually between 5-15) |
| Displaying pictorially | bar graph, frequency polygon, pie charts |
| What are the characteristics of descriptive statistics | raw data, data matrix, frequency distribution, and displaying pictorially |
| Measures of central tendency | measures used to describe the central tendency of data within a research study |
| Measures of dispersion | Identification of how much variation is present in a group of data and description of the distribution of data within a research study |
| Mean | "average", most common used measure of central tendency, is distorted by extreme values when there are a small number of data values |
| Median | "middle", numeric value separating the higher and lower halves of a sample data set, easy to understand, not distorted, less reliable, more stable than mode |
| Mode | "most frequently", not common, may not exist or may be more than one, not distorted, the value or values in the data set that occur most frequently |
| What are the measures of dispersion | range, variance, standard deviation |
| Range | a comparison of two groups resulting in a judgment |
| How do you compute range | highest value minus the lowest value |
| Variance | the sum of the squared deviations from the mean, divided by N |
| Standard deviation | the second and most important measure of dispersion, the mean plus the standard deviation, cannot stand alone |
| the greater the dispersion of scores from the mean of the dispersion: | the greater the standard deviation will be |
| Standard deviation helps us determine what? | how spread out the data values are from the mean |
| In a normal distribution, we can predict that what percent of total data values will fall between plus one or minus one from the mean | 68.26% |
| Plus or minus two standard deviations will include what percent of the scores? | 95.45% |
| Plus or minus three standard deviations will include what percent of the scores? | 99.73% |
| Symmetric distribution of mean, medium, and mode | all will have the same value, majority of subjects will fall under the bell curve |
| What is the best summary of data in most cases? | the mean plus the standard deviation |
| When mean, median, and mode are the same, where will the mean be in a bell curve? | the middle |
| when mean and median are to the right of the mode, how is the bell curve skewed? | positively (the curve is leaning towards the left) |
| When mean and median are to the left of the mode, how is the bell curve skewed? | negatively (the curve is leaning towards the right) |
| In a positive skew of distribution, where will scores be? | in the lower range |
| In a negative skew of distribution, where will scores be? | in the higher range |
Created by:
sarawright