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Physiology Weeks 1-6
| What is homeostasis? (Chapter 2) | refers to stability, balance, or equilibrium within a cell or the body. It is an organisms ability to keep a constant internal environment.(Healthy) |
| Negative vs. positive control systems (Chapter 2) | Negative- example of temperature regulation by action of thermostatically regulated furnace. They oppose a change by creating a response. Positive- does not help the body maintain stable, it is often harmful to survival. Instead of opposing a change it a |
| What are the four major groups of organic molecules/substances? (Chapter 4) | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins ( four levels), Nucleic acids and related molecules (DNA, RNA, ATP) |
| Describe Osmosis(Chapter 6) | The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane which allows water to pass through, but blocks the passage of at least one solute. The water molecules move or osmose from the solution with a lower concentration gradient to higher. (5% to 10% soluti |
| Describe meiosis and its four stages. (Chapter 7) | Cell division that occurs sonly in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells known as gametes,. 46 chromosomes = the diploid number of chromosome, haploid (reduction division to 23), differentiate or become specific cells, that |
| What are the main type of tissue body membranes?(Chapter 8) | Epithelial membranes - made up of epithelial tissue glued by a basement membrane to an underlying layer of supportive connective tissue (cutaneous, serous, mucous) Connective membrane - composed of various tissue, no epithelial cells resent |
| What are the three major cells found in bone? (Chapter 11) | Osteoblasts - small cells that synthesize and secrete an organic matrix called osteoid Osteoclasts - giant multinucleate cells responible for the active erosion of bone material Osteocytes - mature, non dividing osteoblasts, that have become surrounded |
| What are the two divisions of the axial skeleton? (Chapter 12) | Axial skeleton - 80 bones (74 upright axis, 6 ear bones) Appendicular skeleton - 126 bones (form the appendages to the axial skeleton, shoulder girdles, wrists, hands, hip girlies, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet |
| Male/female skeletal differences(Chapter 13) | Size and weight, male is larger and heavier, male pelvis is deep and funnel shaped with a narrow superapubic angle (less than 90 degrees), female pelvis is shallow, broad and flaring with a wider superapubic angle (greater than 90 degrees, childbearing fu |
| Describe Bursae. (Chapter 14) | Contain a closed pillow like structure, which consists of synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid. Known to be associated with bony prominences, where they function as cushion to the joint and facilitate movement of tendons. |
| What are the general functions of muscles?(Chapter 17) | Movement - produce movement within the body as a whole (locomotion) or movement in parts Heat production - produce heat (catabolism) muscles have a crucial part in maintaining homeostasis of temperature Posture - makes possible standing, sitting, stable |
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