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Stack #4553899
| case | point |
|---|---|
| New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) | Public officials must prove actual malice for libel claims. |
| Gertz v. Welch (1974) | Private figures only need to prove negligence in defamation. |
| Curtis Publishing v. Butts (1967) | Extended actual malice to public figures. |
| Rosenbloom v. Metromedia (1971) | Applied actual malice to private citizens in public issues (later limited). |
| Hustler v. Falwell (1988) | Parody protected speech; no liability for emotional distress if not believed true. |
| Milkovich v. Lorain Journal (1990) | Opinions implying false facts can be libelous. |
| Near v. Minnesota (1931) | Prior restraint violates the First Amendment. |
| New York Times v. United States (1971) | Pentagon Papers; gov't can't use prior restraint on press. |
| Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) | Student symbolic speech protected if non-disruptive. |
| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | Schools can censor student speech for legitimate educational reasons. |
| Morse v. Frederick (2007) | Schools may restrict drug-promoting speech ('Bong Hits 4 Jesus'). |
| Texas v. Johnson (1989) | Flag burning = symbolic speech protected by 1A. |
| Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) | Speech unprotected only if incites imminent lawless action. |
| Schenck v. United States (1919) | 'Clear and present danger' test for speech limits. |
| Gitlow v. New York (1925) | Applied 1A to states via 14th Amendment. |
| FCC v. Pacifica (1978) | Indecent broadcasts restricted to safe-harbor hours. |
| Miller v. California (1973) | 3-part obscenity test (appeals to prurient interest, patently offensive, no value). |
| Roth v. U.S. (1957) | Obscenity not protected speech. |
| Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition (2002) | Virtual child porn ban overbroad. |
| Valentine v. Chrestensen (1942) | Pure commercial speech not protected (early rule). |
| Virginia Pharmacy v. Consumer Council (1976) | Commercial speech gets limited protection. |
| Central Hudson v. Public Service Comm'n (1980) | 4-part test for commercial speech restrictions. |
| Harper & Row v. Nation (1985) | Unauthorized quotes = copyright infringement; no fair use. |
| Campbell v. Acuff-Rose (1994) | Parody = transformative use = fair use. |
| A&M Records v. Napster (2001) | Contributory & vicarious infringement for file-sharing. |
| Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003) | Congress can extend copyright terms ('Mickey Mouse Protection Act'). |
| Lenz v. Universal (2007) | Takedowns must consider fair use ('Dancing Baby' case). |
| Roberson v. Rochester Folding Box (1902) | Sparked first privacy law after photo used without consent. |
| Duncan v. WJLA-TV (1984) | Photo next to STD report = false light claim. |
| Pope v. Curl (1741) | Author owns words he writes (not the publisher). |
| Wheaton v. Peters (1834) | Congress controls copyright power. |
| Cher v. Forum (1982) | Unauthorized endorsement use violates right of publicity. |
| Namath v. Sports Illustrated (1975) | News use exception allows republication of own content. |
| NY Times v. Tasini (1999) | Freelance work online needs author permission. |
| FCC v. Fox Television (2012) | Vague indecency rules violate due process. |
| Williams v. Gaye (2015) | 'Blurred Lines' infringed musical vibe; set music precedent. |
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