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Week 8 Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum | Sensory, Motor and Integrative |
| Cerebellum | Planning & coordination of skeletal muscle activity. Maintaining balance in the body. |
| Cranial Nerves | Communicate either motor, sensory, or both types of signals (mixed) between brain & cranial structures. |
| Spinal Nerves | Communicate afferent & efferent signals between brain and periphery. |
| Frontal Lobe Functions | Motor control, Problem solving, Speech production. |
| Temporal Lobe Functions | Auditory processing, Language comprehension, Memory/information retrieval. |
| Parietal Lobe Functions | Touch perception, body orientation and sensory discrimination. |
| Occipital Lobe Functions | Sight, Visual reception and visual interpretation |
| Cerebellum Functions | Balance and coordination |
| Brain Stem Functions | Controls involuntary responses, connects cerebrum to spinal cold & cerebellum. Consists of 3 parts-midbrain, the pons, the medulla oblongata. |
| Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs |
| Cranial Nerves | 12 pairs |
| Olfactory cranial nerve 1 (S) | sensory of smell |
| Optic cranial nerve 2 (S) | Visual Input |
| Oculomotor cranial nerve 3 (M) | Muscular component of the eye |
| Trochlear cranial nerve 4 (M) | Motor nerve |
| Trigeminal cranial nerve 5 (B) | |
| Abducens cranial nerve 6 (M) | |
| Facial cranial nerve 7 (B) | |
| Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve 8 (S) | brings information in to be able to process sound |
| Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve 9 (B) | throat |
| Vagus cranial nerve 10 (B) | Mixed Cranial nerve with many widely distributed branches-hence the name vagus, which is the Latin word for wanderer. |
| Accessory cranial nerve 11 (M) | |
| Hypoglossal cranial nerve 12 (M) | |
| Spinal Cord | Cylindrical, long structure that runs along the vertebral column, composed of neurons and glial cells. Composed of gray matter (center cord), white matter (outer aspect of cord). (tissues) |
| Cervical Plexus | C1-C5, serves head and neck |
| Brachial Plexus | C5-T1, serves upper limb |
| Lumbar Plexus | L1-L4, serves abdomen and lower limb |
| Sacral Plexus | L4-S4 serves pelvis, perineum and lower limb |
| Phrenic nerve (cervical plexus C1-5) | originates from the cervical plexus C3-C5 nerve roots, motor control of the diaphragm and is responsible for breathing. Sensory: pain coming from the phrenic nerve can occur around the shoulder region. |
| Axillary Nerve (Brachial Plexus C5-C8, T1) | Axillary Nerve originates from C5-6, Motor control of the deltoid muscle, shoulder flexion, abduction, extension. Sensory: Pain, numbness and tingling, burning coming from the axillary nerve can occur around the shoulder region. |
| Femoral Nerve (Lumbar Plexus L1-4) | Motor control of the quadriceps muscle, front of the thigh, extension of the knee. Sensory: pain, N/T, burning coming from the femoral nerve can occur in the groin, anterior thigh, medial thigh. |
| Sciatic Nerve (Sacral Plexus L4-5, S1-4) | Motor control of the posterior thigh, calf muscles, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus. Sensory: pain, N/T, burning, low back buttock posterior thigh, calf and foot. |
| Meninges | Inner covering that protects the brain and spinal cord, 3 layers (dura, arachnoid and transparent) |
| The Dura Mater | Strong white fibrous tissue, serves as outer layer of the meninges and the inner periosteum of the cranial bones |
| The Arachnoid Mater | Delicate, spiderweb- like layer. Between the dura and the pia mater |
| The Transparent Pia Mater | Adheres to the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord and contains blood vessels, located underneath subarachnoid mater |
| Dorsal Nerve Root | posterior nerve root, carry sensory information in the spinal cord |
| Ventral Nerve Root | anterior nerve root, carry motor information out of the spinal cord |
| Cauda Equina Nerve | Nerve roots extending from the conus medullaris (at L1-tapered cone) from a sort of "horse tail" of the spinal nerve roots. |
| Spinal Cord Structure | Lies within the spinal cavity from the foramen magnum to the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra. Includes meninges, CSF, a cushion of adipose tissue and blood vessels. |
| The CSF fluid is found in the: | Subarachnoid space |
| Formation of the CSF mainly occurs in the: | Choroid Plexuses |
| CSF is absorbed into the venous blood by the: | Arachnoid Villus |
| The ____ transmits subconscious impulses of kinesthesis | Spinocerebellar Tract |
| The ___ transmits impulses that coordinate body movements and maintenance of posture | Rubrospinal Tract |
| The part of the brain that secrets releasing hormones is the: | Hypothalamus |
| The type of brain wave associated with deep sleep is called: | Delta |
| Absence of reflexes is indicative of the injury to: | lower motor neurons |
| Recurring or chronic seizure episodes involving sudden bursts of abnormal neuron activity describes: | Epilespsy |
| Visual perception is located in the _____ lobe | Occipital |
| The phrenic nerve innervates the: | Diaphragm. |
| The femoral nerve arises from the: | Lumbar Plexus |
| The brachial plexus is found deep within the: | Shoulder |
| Peristalsis is the function of the ______ nerve: | Vagus |
| Swallowing is a function of ______ nerve: | Glossopharyngeal |
| Somatic effectors are: | Skeletal muscle |
| Which is the neurotransmitter in a somatic motor pathway? | acetylcholine |
| The brain consist of _____ billion neurons: | 100 billion |
| Which of these has no sensory function? | Abducens |
| Parasympathetic innervation of the heart is assisted by the ___ nerve | Vagus |
| Beta Receptors bind with: | Norepinephrine |
| Many _____ effectors are dually innervated | Autonomic |
| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either acetylcholine or ______ : | norepinephrine |
| The sympathetic system plays a crucial role in the ____ pressure: | Blood pressure |
| The brain is only ___ percentage of the total body weight | 3% |
| The sympathetic system dose what? | Is a division of the ANS |
| In what areas are dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons located? | Gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord |
| Another name of parasympathetic division is: | Craniosacral division |
| ______ slows the hearbeat | Parasympathetic control |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system regular gut function? | Enteric nervous system |
Created by:
noush21