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bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In animals and bacteria, what percentage of dry weight is composed of proteins? | 50% |
| Amino acids are the monomers of proteins, how many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| The base structure of an amino acid is centered on the alpha carbon. What is bonded to the alpha carbon? | Amino, Hydrogen, Carboxyl, R-Group |
| What is a peptide bond? | A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein. |
| What type of reaction binds two amino acids together? | Dehydration Synthesis |
| What type of reaction breaks amino acids apart? | Hydrolysis reaction |
| What are the names of the various levels of organization of the structure of proteins? | Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary |
| Which protein structure is determined by the DNA of an organism? | Primary Structure |
| What are the two base structures of a protein's secondary structure? | Alpha helix, Beta pleated sheet |
| Which base structure of a protein's secondary structure is rigid, less flexible? | Beta pleated sheet |
| What causes the polypeptide chains of the secondary structure to form? | Hydrogen Bonds |
| Which level of protein structure gives the protein its characteristic shape? | Tertiary Structure |
| What does shape do for a protein? | Determines its function |
| What "R" group interaction can occur between aspartic acid and arginine? | Ionic bond |
| What "R" group interaction occurs with glycine, alanine, and leucine? | Hydrophobic Interactions |
| What "R" group interaction can occur between tyrosine and threonine? | Hydrogen Bonds |
| Which amino acid allows sulfur bridges to form between polypeptides? | Cysteine |
| If the amino acid leucine has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₃NO₂ and isoleucine has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₃NO₂, what would you call those two amino acids? | Isomers |
| Why is the amino acid proline different from the other 19 amino acids? | Proline is unique because its R-group is bonded to both the alpha carbon and the amino group, forming a cyclic structure. This restricts its flexibility and affects protein folding. |
| What is the name given to the level of protein organization when two or more tertiary polypeptides are linked together? | Quaternary Structure |
| Protein shapes are susceptible to high temperatures and strong chemical interactions. What is the term used when proteins lose their shape and therefore lose their ability to function? | Denaturation |
| What is the most abundant protein found in animals? | Collagen |
| In terms of proteins, explain why you get tired if you have low iron. | Low iron means less hemoglobin, so less oxygen is carried to cells, reducing energy production |
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