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biology exam #3

cell cycle, meiosis, genetics

TermDefinition
prophase chromosomes become organized in the centromere, develop the two "sister" chromatids
metaphase chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, spindle fibers attach to centromeres, M=middle
mitosis daughter cells with two genetically identical diploid cells
a special type of division that can produce sperm and egg cells (each gamete contains half the genome)
anaphase sister chromatids pull apart, each chromatid is now a chromosome.
telophase two new nuclei form, cytokinesis begins division of cytoplasm.
cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm
interphase stage where the cell grows, carries out normal function, replicated DNA before mitosis
chromatin uncoiled DNA found in the nucleus during interphase
chromosome tightly coiled DNA visible during mitosis; made of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere
sister chromatids identical copies of a chromosome connected at the centromere; separate during anaphase.
spindle fibers protein structures that pull apart during mitosis.
centromere region where two sister chromatids are joined together
diploid cell that has two sets of chromosomes( one from each parent)
haploid cells hat has one set of chromosomes( half the normal number)
gene a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
allele different version of a gene
dominant allele expressed when present; represented by a capital letter
recessive allele Hidden when dominant allele is present; shown with a lowercase letter
genotype genetic makeup
phenotype physical appearance.
homozygous having two of the same alleles
heterozygous having two different alleles
law of segregation each parent passes only one allele for a trait to its offspring
law of dominance when two different alleles are present, the dominant one is expressed.
law of independent assortment genes for different traits separate independently
monohybrid cross genetic cross focusing on one trait
Created by: nataliestern2025
 

 



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