Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
respiratory pt 5
patho exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pneumothorax | presence of air between visceral and parietal pleura, compressing lung tissue |
| When can a pneumothorax occur? | spontaneously or secondary to barotraumas, chest trauma, or disease |
| pneumothorax causes | trauma, complications related to medical procedures, chronic diseases, traumatic pneumothorax |
| pneumothorax clinical manifestations if less than 15% of lung volume is involved | asymptomatic |
| pneumothorax clinical manifestations if 40% of lung volume is involved | dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, ipsilateral chest pain, anxiety, no breath sounds- hyper resonant on percussion |
| pneumothorax diagnosis | based on presenting symptoms, physical examination, chest x-ray, computed tomography scan |
| pneumothorax treatment | chest tube inserted into intrapleural space |
| pleural effusion | collection of excess fluid in pleural space |
| What can causes excess fluid in pleural space? | increased production or decreased drainage of pleural fluid |
| What happens when fluid builds up in pleural space? | lungs don't fully expand |
| pleural effusion risk factors | thoracic and abdominal surgeries, inflammatory processes in lung, atelectasis, blockage of lymphatic drainage, decreased plasma proteins |
| pleural effusion causes | excess fluid is drained by the lymphatic system, left ventricular failure, cirrhosis, atelectasis |
| What happens when the lymphatic system is blocked? | pleural fluid accumulates |
| small pleural effusion clinical manifestations | asymptomatic |
| large pleural effusion clinical manifestations | shortness of breath, dyspnea, tachypnea |
| pleural effusion diagnosis | chest x-ray, CT scan |
| What do restrictive lung disorders of pulmonary compliance commonly affect? | interstitium and interavleolar space |
| restrictive lung disorders of pulmonary compliance | comprise diverse group of more than 200 nonmalignant noninfectious inflammatory conditions |
| restrictive lung disorders of pulmonary compliance causes | pharmacologic agents, pollutants and toxins, animal feces and bird droppings, occupational exposure, medical conditions |
| most common lung disease of unknown origin | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
| how does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis develop? | progressive, lethal |
| How can idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis be categorized? | as idiopathic interstitial pneumonias |
| What does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis result from? | an aberrant repair of alveolar epithelial type II cells after repetitive injuries |
| Cause of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | may be genetic |
| early stages of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | areas of normal lung, areas with fibroblast foci; areas with some inflammatory infiltrate; fibrosis decreases lung compliance, increases work of breathing, and increases diffusion distance |
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progression of disease | fibrotic areas "honeycombed", irreversible |
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis clinical manifestations | insidious onset, dyspnea on exertion and/or a cough, deterioration secondary to infection, rapid, shallow respirations, hypoxemia, cyanosis |
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment | oxygen therapy, lung transplant |
| pulmonary hypertension | high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, causing the right side of the heart to work harder; can be caused by narrowed or blocked blood vessels |
| What is pulmonary hypertension a major symptom of? | other lung diseases like COPD |
| pulmonary hypertension cause | unknown cause in most cases and may be related to genetic facotrs |
| pulmonary hypertension diagnosis | echocardiography, MRI |
| pulmonary hypertension treatment | vasodilators, endothelin receptor antagonists, anticoagulants |
| pulmonary embolism | a sudden blockage in a lung artery, usually caused by a blood clot that has traveled from elsewhere in the body |
| pulmonary embolism clinical manifestations | dyspnea, chest pain, cough, rapid heart rate (tachycardia), dizziness or lightheadedness, anxiety or fear |
| pulmonary embolism diagnosis | CT, MRI, ventilation perfusion scans |
| pulmonary embolism treatment | anticoagulant, thrombolysis, surgery |
| What systems does SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) affect? | the respiratory system primarily, but other organ systems can be impacted |
| SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission | through droplet and respiratory spread but may also include indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| Who are most likely to get infected from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)? | people closer than 6 feet from the infected person |
| What kind of virus is SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)? | very highly mutated retrovirus |
| What does SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cause in the respiratory system? | ruptured capillaries with protein exudates, obstructed airways, cytokine storm, blocks ACE2 receptor, non neutralizing antibodies could cause ADE, defective alveolus gaseous exchange |
| What happens when SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) blocks the ACE2 receptor? | blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which affects blood pressure |
| what does SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection lead to? | pyroptosis of lung epithelial cells |
| What does the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activate? | complement leading to a cytokine storm |
| how long do COVID -19 disease symptoms last? | can be mild to severe and develop 2-14 days after exposure |
| COVID 19 disease symptoms | fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), congestion or runny nose |
| When to seek emergency medical attention COVID-19 | trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in chest, new confusion, inability to wake or stay awake, pale, gray, or blue colored skin, lips, or nail beds, depending on skin tone |
| similarities in how flu and COVID-19 are spread | tiny droplets from coughing, sneezing, and/or talking, touching a surface or object that has the virus and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes |
| Difference in symptoms between flu and covid? | flu: not everyone has a fever, symptoms appear in 1-4 days covid: loss of smell/taste, covid toes, can take longer for someone to show symptoms (up to 5 days; range 2-14) |
| difference between how covid 19 and the flu are spread and duration of illness? | flu: can last 7-10 days and contagious from 1 day prior to 7 days after testing positive covid: duration varies, more contagious, contagious from 2 days prior to 10 days after testing positive |
| differences in complications of flu and covid | flu: ear infections, sinus infections, pneumonia covid: blood clots, complication with major organs, Post COVID symptoms |
| What are the complications worse in, the flu or covid? | covid |
| Who is at high risk for complication COVID? | individuals with chronic illnesses, obesity, immunosuppression |
| What does sever illness mean for a person with COVID 19? | they may need hospitalization, intensive care, a ventilator to help them breathe or they may even die |
| Higher risk COVID 19 groups | older adults, people with certain medical conditions, pregnant and recently pregnant people |
Created by:
camrynfoster