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CHN Basic Concepts
Definitions, Clientle, PHN, Levels of Care
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Community | Group of people with common interests living within a specific area. |
| Health | Optimum level of functioning along the health-illness continuum. |
| Community Health | Focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and management for the population. |
| Nursing | Profession/vocation assisting sick to recover and healthy to maintain wellness. |
| Community Health Nursing | Use of nursing process for individuals, families, and communities to promote health and prevent disease. |
| Goal of CHN | Help families/communities cope with health threats and achieve high-level wellness. |
| Public Health | Science and art of disease prevention and life prolongation through organized effort. |
| Functions of Public Health | Sanitation, disease control, health education, services, and social development. |
| Mission of CHN | Health promotion, protection, balance, disease prevention, and social justice. |
| Role: Clinician | Provides direct care at home or RHU. |
| Role: Health Educator | Promotes health and prevents illness through education. |
| Role: Facilitator | Links sectors through referrals. |
| Role: Supervisor | Monitors and guides midwives. |
| Role: Health Advocate | Acts and speaks on behalf of clients. |
| Role: Collaborator | Works with other health team members. |
| Bag Technique | Method using the public health bag to perform nursing procedures efficiently during home visits. |
| Public Health Bag | Essential nurse’s kit containing basic medicines and supplies for home care. |
| Community Assessment | Systematic process of collecting and analyzing data about a community to identify health needs and plan interventions. |
| Status | Refers to community health outcomes such as morbidity, mortality, and vital statistics. |
| Structure | Refers to community resources—facilities, manpower, and organization of health services. |
| Process | Refers to how the community functions or solves health problems. |
| Preparatory Phase | [what phase] Site selection, community preparation, set objectives, choose data to collect, select methods, finalize sampling, and make timetable. |
| Implementation Phase | [what phase] Data collection, organization, presentation, analysis, identification and prioritization of problems, plan development, validation, and feedback. |
| Evaluation Phase | [what phase] Assess effectiveness of health plan and outcomes. |
| Demography | Study of population size, composition, and distribution as affected by births, deaths, and migration. |
| Census | Complete enumeration of the population. |
| De Jure Method | Assigns people to their usual place of residence. |
| De Facto Method | Assigns people to where they are physically present during the census. |
| Population Size | Total number of people in a defined area. |
| Population Composition | Characteristics such as age, sex, occupation, education, and ethnicity. |
| Age Distribution | Proportion of individuals in different age groups. |
| Sex Ratio | Number of males per 100 females. |
| Population Pyramid | Graph showing age and sex structure of a population. |
| Median Age | Age dividing the population into two equal halves; lower median = younger population. |
| Age-Dependency Ratio | Measures economic burden of dependents on the working population. |
| Other Characteristics | Includes occupational, economic, educational, and ethnic groups. |
| Population Distribution | Spatial arrangement of people within an area. |
| Urban-Rural Ratio | Comparison of people living in urban vs. rural areas. |
| Crowding Index | Indicates ease of disease transmission in a population. |
| Population Density | Number of people per unit area; indicates congestion. |
| Vital Statistics | Application of statistics to vital events like births, deaths, and diseases to measure community health. |
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | (Total live births ÷ mid-year population) × 1000. |
| General Fertility Rate (GFR) | (Total live births ÷ number of women of reproductive age) × 1000. |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | (Total deaths ÷ mid-year population) × 1000. |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | (Deaths under 1 year ÷ total live births) × 1000. |
| Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) | (Maternal deaths ÷ total live births) × 1000. |
| Prevalence Rate | (New + old cases ÷ population) × 100. |
| Incidence Rate | (New cases ÷ population) × 100. |
| Attack Rate | (Exposed persons who became ill ÷ total exposed) × 100. |
| Epidemiology | Study of disease distribution and factors affecting it in human populations. |
| Purpose of Epidemiology | Identify causes, patterns, and control measures for disease occurrence. |
| Epidemic | Sudden increase in disease cases beyond expected levels in a community. |
| Epidemic Potential | Vulnerability of an area to outbreaks due to climate, ecology, or socio-economic changes. |
| Endemic | Constant presence of a disease in a specific area (e.g., malaria in Palawan). |
| Sporadic | Occasional occurrence of a disease affecting few individuals. |
| Pandemic | Worldwide spread of a disease. |
| Pre-entry Phase | Initial phase where organizer identifies and selects a community to serve; designs development plans and site selection criteria. |
| Entry Phase | Social preparation stage; builds rapport, sensitizes people to community issues, and encourages sharing and collective action; maintain low-key profile. |
| Organization-Building Phase | Formation of formal community structures; provides leadership and management training for members. |
| Sustenance and Strengthening Phase | Community organization is established; members independently plan, implement, and evaluate programs with minimal external guidance. |
| Pre-entry Phase | Initial phase where organizer identifies and selects a community to serve; designs development plans and site selection criteria. |
| Entry Phase | Social preparation stage; builds rapport, sensitizes people to community issues, and encourages sharing and collective action; maintain low-key profile. |
| Organization-Building Phase | Formation of formal community structures; provides leadership and management training for members. |
| Sustenance and Strengthening Phase | Community organization is established; members independently plan, implement, and evaluate programs with minimal external guidance. |
| Primary Prevention | [level of prevention] Reduce or eliminate risk factors. |
| Secondary Prevention | [level of prevention] Intervention after disease begins but before symptoms appear. |
| Secondary Prevention | [level of prevention] Early detection through screening and treatment. |
| Tertiary Prevention | [level of prevention] Intervention after disease is established. |
| Tertiary Prevention | [level of prevention] Prevent complications or worsening of disease. |
Created by:
avril_rn