Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 32
MSK System 32
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sprain | partial or complete Ligament tear from trauma Most common: ankle, knee, wrist |
| dislocation | stretching and tearing of ligaments around a joint with complete displacement of a bone |
| subluxation | partial dislocation - common sites are the shoulder, knee, hip, ankle, and temporomandibular joint |
| strain | pulling or tearing of a muscle, a tendon, or both - commonly strained muscles are the back muscles, hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the bursae, the saclike structures that line freely movable joints - commonly occurs in the elbow, shoulder, hip, or knee |
| bunion | most common foot problem, is a painful swelling of the bursa that occurs when the great toe deviates laterally at the metatarsophalangeal joint |
| Complete fracture | when a bone breaks into two parts that are completely separated |
| incomplete fracture | when a bone breaks into two parts that are not completely separated |
| comminuted fracture | the bone is broken and shattered into more than two fragments - open reduction is needed |
| closed (simple) fracture | no break in the skin |
| open (compound) fracture | break in the skin through which the fragments of broken bone protrude - open reduction is needed |
| greenstick fracture | common in children, is one in which the bone is partially bent and partially broken |
| Pathological fractures | fractures that occur in bones that have been weakened by an underlying disease process |
| reduction of the fracture | bringing the two fragments of bone into proper alignment |
| closed reduction | bone is manipulated into alignment; no surgical incision is made |
| open reduction | performed after a surgical incision is made through the skin and down to the bone at the site of the fracture |
| 4 methods of stabilizing | 1. Internal fixation 2. External fixation 3. Casts, splints, or braces 4. Traction |
| Internal fixation | pins, nails, screws, rods, or metal plates are used to stabilize the position of the two broken ends - older adults whose bones are brittle and may not heal properly |
| open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) | An incision is made, the fracture is realigned, and the bone is secured with pins, screws, nails, or plates |
| arthroplasty | an implantable device |
| External fixation | involves the use of a device composed of a sturdy external frame to which are attached pins that have been placed into the bone fragments - commonly used for fractures of an extremity or of the pelvis |
| cast | used for stabilizing a fracture after a closed reduction |
| spica cast | (usually used in children) covers the trunk of the body and one or two extremities |
| Traction | mechanical pull to a part of the body for the purpose of extending and holding that part in a certain position during immobilization |
| Skeletal traction | surgeon inserts pins, wires, or tongs directly through the bone at a point distal to the fracture - uses 10lb or more weight, and the body acts as the countertraction (hangs freely) |
| skin traction | (aka moleskin or a foam traction boot) applied to the limb below the site of fracture and pull is exerted on the limb No more than 7-10lbs weight |
| nonunion | failure to heal - treated non-surgically by electrical bone growth–stimulating device |
| osteogenesis | electrical bone growth–stimulating device stimulates growth of bone cells |
| Fat embolism | complication of a fracture of a bone that has an abundance of marrow fat SYMPTOMS: Change in mental status Respiratory distress Petechiae Rapid pulse, fever |
| Venous Thrombosis | pelvis and lower extremities are very vulnerable to this formation after fracture, especially hip fracture. Immobility and surgical procedures contribute to venous stasis. |
| compartment syndrome | restriction of blood flow that occurs in one or more muscle compartments of the extremities, caused by external or internal pressure |
| Six P's (neurovascular assessment) | Pain, Pallor, Paresthesia, Pulselessness, paralysis, poikilothermia |
| bivalved | split through all layers of the material |
| fasciotomy | linear incisions in the fascia down the extremity to relieve the pressure on the nerves and blood vessels if other measures do not relieve the problem |
| complications of immobility | skin breakdown, urinary tract infection, constipation, atelectasis, or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| fracture pre-treatment | Assess 6 Ps Splint Ice Cover any wounds |
| fracture post-treatment | Pain control: priority Neurovascular checks: fresh fracture, assess every 2-4 hours Prevent immobility problems |
| nutrition for immobile MSK pt | Protein is essential to healing, Vitamins D, B, and C and calcium are included in well-balanced meals, fluid intake, high fiber |
| types of arthritis | A. osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Gouty arthritis |
| osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease - Typically affects only one or two joints; asymmetrical |
| bunion (hallux valgus) | toe deformity treat with steroid injection if bursitis is present surgical: remove boney overgrowth (bone realignment) |
| Lyme Disease/arthritis | occurs from a systemic infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (blacklegged tick) |
| crepitus | cracking popping with movement |
| osteomyelitis | bacterial infection of the bone - has a sudden onset with severe pain and marked tenderness at the site, high fever with chills, swelling of adjacent soft parts, headache, and malaise |
| Type of braces | knee immobilizer walking boot hinged brace |
| brace | provides support for healing removable support |
Created by:
Ldiaz2449