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chapter 8 yawp vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Market revolution | economic changes where people would buy and sell goods rather than make themselves |
| panics | growing lower class of workers without property and series of devastating depressions. Many Americans trapped in endless cycle of poverty |
| transportation revolution | period of rapid growth in speed and convenience of travel bc of new methods of transportation |
| eerie canal | canal between NY cities of Albany and Buffalo. Completed in 1825. Considered marvel of modern world. Allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in north, allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the west. |
| steamboats | boat powered by steam engine. made it easier and quicker to travel goods |
| railroads | alongside steamboats in major transportation developments of of 19th century |
| telegraph | electronic device used to communicate over long distances by sending coded message over wire |
| incorporations | process that extended protections of bill of rights against actions of state and local govs. |
| gradual aboliition | type abolition argues for most by whites besides quakers |
| cotton gin | a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 |
| putting-out system | system of merchant capitalists who "put out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developmed in England |
| Waltham-lowell system | system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell, Chicopee, and others in MA and New Hampshire. Women lived in company boarding houses w/ strict rules + curfews, often required to attend church. |
| Education | formal process of learning in which some people consciously teaches whole others adopt social role of learner |
| seperate spheres | 19th century idea in western society that men and women esp. of middle class should have different roles in society. women as wives, mothers, homemakers, men and breadwinners, and participants in business and politics. |
| companiate marriage | marriage built on love, intimacy, and personal choice rather than social obligation |
| irish immigration | caused by potato famine. Irish immigrants came + received discrimination bc of catholic faith. exploitation in factories bc of limited skills. arch bishop John Hughes urges them to maintain their identity, which leads to development of catholic schools |
| german triangle | cities of Cincinnati, St. Louis, + Milwaukee would attract very large German pop. led to German culture in these cities |
| nativism | a policy of favoring native born individuals over foreign born ones |
| know-nothing party | political party of 1850s that was anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant |
| Antebellum period | time before civil war where many reforms, including establishment of free (tax-supporting public schools, improving treatment of mentally ill, controlling/abolishing sale of alcohol, winning equal legal/political rights for women, and abolishing slavery |
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