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Chapter 31
MSK System 31
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osteoblasts | responsible for bone growth by making new bone cells and secreting collagen |
| osteocytes | regulate mineral uptake and release |
| osteoclasts | dissolve minerals for release into the bloodstream |
| spongy bones | contains red marrow |
| bones are classified as | long, short, flat, or irregular |
| musculoskeletal system consists of | bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and muscles |
| haversian system (or osteon) | contains the blood and lymph vessels - transport nutrients to the bone cells and remove wastes. |
| A joint is the articulation point between two or more bone | There are immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable joints |
| hinge (movable) | elbow - Bidirectional to flex and extend |
| pivot | Head of radius around ulna Rotational to supinate and pronate |
| saddle | thumb - Circular clockwise and counterclockwise |
| Ball and socket | Shoulder and hip joints Ball rotates within socket and moves up and down |
| condyloid | Head-to-neck joint Up and down and side to side |
| Gliding | Articulating surfaces of vertebrae Lateral and up and down |
| bursa | fluid-filled sac that provides cushioning at friction points in a freely movable joint. |
| cartilage | connective tissue, acts as cushion |
| ligaments | join the bones of a joint together (bone to bone) |
| tendons | connective tissue, provide joint movement, attach skeletal muscles to bones |
| fascia | connective tissue, surrounds and separates muscles |
| muscle coverings | contain vessels and nerves |
| muscle properties | allow it to be electrically excited, cause it to contract, extend or stretch & provide elasticity |
| bones provide | shape to the body |
| skeleton provide | a framework for skin, support & protect internal organs, provide attachments for tendons & ligaments. contributes to movement |
| Red bone marrow | form RBC, WBC & platelets |
| Bones store and release | minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus |
| Bone is maintained by | remodeling: existing bone is resorbed into the body (osteoblasts) to replace it |
| functions of muscles | contraction of muscles, synchronization of muscle fibers. provide movement (shortening/stretching) & joint stability, maintain posture, produce body heat |
| Ergonomic risk factors | force, repetition, posture |
| individual risk factors | poor work practices, fitness & health habits |
| what is MSD? | Musculoskeletal Disorders - pain or injuries in the human MSK system |
| common MSD's | muscle/tendon strain, tendonitis, ligament sprain, tension neck syndrome, thoracic outlet compression, rotator cuff tendonitis, epicondylitis, radial tunnel, carpal tunnel, dequervain syndrome, digital neuritis, trigger finger, degenerative disease disc |
| MSD causes | disease, trauma, malnutrition, aging Poor nutrition → Weak bones (lack Ca & Po) Inadequate protein → Muscle wasting |
| prevention of MSD | weight bearing exercise, safety measures, nutrition for bone growth & density, steroids |
| Geniometry | measurement of ROM of a joint |
| ROM | Passive: moved by others active: moved by patient |
| grading system for muscle strength | grade 5: normal strength grade 0: complete paralysis |
| muscle strength | ability of move, working against the force of gravity |
| kyphosis | dowager’s hump - an excessive forward curve of your spine |
| crepitation | grating sound, as a result of stiffness of joint cartilage that thins and erodes |
| orthopedic | refers to function & structure of the MSK system |
| SCHMID Fall Risk Assessment | score >/= 3: patient at risk for falls |
| ankylosis | the result of injury or disease in which the tissues of the joint are replaced by a bony overgrowth that completely obliterates the joint - Permanent fixation of a joint |
| isometric exercises | involve generating tension (no movement) between two opposing sets of muscles - contraindicated patients with HTN, ↑ ICP, CHF (↑ HR & BP) |
| gradual mobilization | move their limbs, turn in bed, transfer from bed to chair and back again, and stand and walk |
| adaptive shortening or contracture | begins to form within 3 to 7 days after immobilization of a body part, and the process usually is complete in 6 to 8 weeks |
Created by:
Ldiaz2449