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Com Study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 models of communication? | Linear Model, Interaction Model, transactional Model |
| What is the linear model | Sender --> receiver, with noise in middle |
| What is the interaction model | Sender encodes message to the receiver and the receiver decodes it, and receiver encodes a message and the sender encodes it |
| What is the Transactional model | both decode through channels, they both prepare feedback, and encode. behavior is verbal and non-verbal |
| What are the 6 characteristics of communication | 1. Communication is Symbolic 2. Communication Requires a shared code 3. Communication is linked by shared culture 4. Communication can be unintentional 5. Communication occurs through various channels 6. Communication is transactional |
| Communication is Symbolic means | Both language and behavior are symbols |
| Communication Requires a shared code means | People construct messages (encode) and interperet messages (decode) |
| Communication is linked by shared culture means | includes shared beliefs, practices, values etc |
| Communication can be unintentional means | spontaneous, unintentional communication occurs through emotions or body movements |
| Communication occurs through various channels means | includes face to face, email, text etc |
| Communication is transactional means | requires 2 or more people acting in both sending and receiving roles |
| 3 reason we communicate | Expressing affiliation, managing relationships, and influencing others |
| What is communication apprehension | general fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with persons |
| What is Public speaking anxiety | Nervousness from knowing we have to communicate publicly to an audience |
| What are 4 methods of delivery | Speaking from manuscript, speaking from memory, speaking spontaneously, speaking extemporaneously |
| What is the social identity theory | a psychological theory proposing that a person's self-concept is shaped by their membership in various social groups |
| What is cocultural communication and what is an example of it | Members share some of the general culture’s system of thought and behavior but have distinct unifying characteristics. Gen Z |
| What are individualistic cultures | value individuality, communicate autonomy and privately. tend towards understatement (euphemisms) |
| What are collectivist cultures | perceive themselves as members of a group and communicate may use hyperbole (vivid, colorful language with great emotional intensity |
| what are ploychronistic cultures | have a more fluid approach to time; they deal with various projects and people simultaneously. |
| What are monochronistic cultures | are time conscious; time is a valuable resource |
| What is low power distance | People tolerate less difference in power between people and communicate with those higher in status with less anxiety. |
| What is high power distance | People with less power accept a lower position as a basic fact of life |
| What are feminine cultures | value nurturance, relationships, and quality of life. |
| What are masculine cultures | place value on assertiveness, achievement, ambition, and competitiveness |
| What are low uncertainty avoidance cultures | Have a higher tolerance for ambiguity and use fewer formal rules to communicate. |
| What are High uncertainty avoidance cultures | adapt behavior to avoid risk and use formal rules to communicate |
| What is low context cultures | use direct language and rely less on situational factors. |
| What is high context cultures | use contextual cues to both interpret meaning and send subtle messages. |
| What are some intercultural communication challenges | Discrimination, Anxiety |
| How can we make intercultural communication easier | Mindfulness, being open to other cultures |
| What are the 5 elements of successful storytelling | Characters, Setting, Plot, Conflict, theme |
| What are the steps in Freytag's pyramid | Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution |
| what is the difference between brain storming and clustering | Brainstorming is generating a wide range of topics and assessing them, clustering identifying potential topics |
| What is the difference between expert and lay testimony | expert comes from someone with a specialized knowledge, while lay testimony comes from an ordinary person |
| What does CRAPP stand for | Currency, Relevance, Accuracy, Authority, Purpose |
| What is media literacy | Media literacy is the ability to identify different types of media and understand the messages they're sending. Its used to make sure we are an active consumer and question what were told by the media |
| Different types of attention getters | Rhetorical question, quote, joke, fact |
| What is a preview in a speech | mentioning main points, be repetitive |
| What is signposting | verbal or visual cues that guide the audience through the content and structure of your speech, acting as a roadmap. Firstly, lastly, in conclusion |
| How can the body of s speech be organized | Chronological (in the sequence it occurred), reverse chronological, inquiry order (gathering data taking audience from curiosity to final results), Cause and effect, Compare and Contrast |
| what should a strong conclusion do | transition into it, summarize main ideas, restate thesis, end strong |
| What are some factors you should consider about your audience before a speech | Age, gender, race , background |
| what are primary sources | first hand accounts or original materials created during the time period of the event, or by a participant - diaries |
| what are secondary sources | analyze, interpret, or discuss primary sources providing a second hand perspective from authors who were not directly involved |
| What are communication skills defined as | behavioral abilities based on social understandings that are used to achieve particular goals |
| what is the definition of public speaking | A form of communication that includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking an audience that gives a attention and a message that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose |
| what are the 2 coding processes in communication | Encoding - sender converts/sends their message Decoding - Receiver interprets the message |
| What is an example of each of the communication models | Linear - public speech Interaction - Q&A Transactional - Job interview |
| What are 3 reasons we study intercultural communication | Avoids misunderstanding and conflicts, build stronger relationships, helps with self awareness |
| Four groups we identify with the influence our sense of identity | race, gender, sexual orientation, economic class |
| what are 3 types of speeches | informative speeches - Increase audience understanding on a topic, Persuasive speeches - influence the attitude, beliefs or behaviors of your audience, Special occasion speeches - highlights the importance of certain people or events, |
| What are some factors that influence audience members | Expectations, perception and culture, Demographics (age, gender etc) |
| What are some types of supporting materials | Facts, Definitions, examples, statistics |
| What are the 2 core qualities of ethics? | honesty, integrity |
| What are the four principles for ethical speaking? | trustworthy, respectful, responsible, and fair in our speeches |
| Why is it important to be an ethical speaker? | Because you can influence how people think, feel and act |
| What are the two types of speech outlines | Working outline and speaking outline |
| What are the three goals informative speaking should accomplish | Communicate new information, expand the audiences understanding, helped the audience retain information |
| What are the four primary approaches to conveying information in an informative speech? | Description, demonstration, explanation, definition |
| What are the seven highlighted strategies for building confidence and overcoming public speaking? | Visualize your success, take care of yourself, prepare well, rehearse your delivery, challenge yourself, desensitize yourself, embrace your anxiety |
| Three goals to keep in mind when developing and using presentation aids | help listeners process and retain information, promote interest, and motivation, convey information clearly, and concisely |
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