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Path Ch 10
Pathology Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| low or inadequate amount | hypoactive |
| high or excess amount | hyperactive |
| enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by increase in the reproduction rate of its cells | hyperplasia |
| excess GH after the growth plates have closed. | acromegaly |
| excess growth and height in children. | gigantism |
| high blood sugar levels. | hyperglycemia |
| helps regulate metabolism and respond to stress. | cortisol |
| helps control BP. | aldosterone |
| sex hormones | androgens |
| regulates cardiac and glucose. | epinephhrine/adrenaline |
| regulates cardiac, glucose and muscle contraction. | norepinephrine |
| adrenal cortex produces | cortisol, aldosterone, androgens |
| adrenal medulla produces | epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| what causes cushings syndrome | body being exposed to high levels of cortisol for a long time |
| symptoms of cushings syndrome | obesity, moon-shaped face, buffalo hump, fatigue, bone loss, increased urination |
| an excess production of aldosterone by the adrenal glands | Aldosteronism |
| Abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones characterized by | Adrenogenital Syndrome |
| Underactivity of the adrenal glands; deficiency of the steroid hormone cortisol | Hypoadrenalism |
| One of the most common sites of metastatic disease. | mets of the adrenal gland |
| A rare tumor that produces an excess of vasopressor substances (epinephrine and norepinephrine), causing HTN | Pheochromocytoma (meatballs) |
| Cancer that starts in certain very early forms of nerve cells found in an embryo or fetus | Neuroblastoma |
| The second most common malignancy in child | neuroblastoma |
| the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes what hormones | ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, TSH, prolactin |
| the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes what hormones | ADH, oxytocin |
| A condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones | hyperpituitarism |
| Gigantism | excessive growth and height before enchondral bone growth has stopped. |
| Acromegaly | after bone growth has stopped. |
| Diminished hormone secretion; causing dwarfism in children and premature aging in adults | Hypopituitarism |
| when the body can’t regulate how it handles fluid due to low levels of ADH. Increase in thirst and dilution of urine | Diabetes Insipidus |
| Large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism | thyroid gland |
| what things does the thyroid gland regulate | Breathing, heart rate, central and peripheral nervous systems, body weight, muscle strength, menstrual cycles, body temperature, cholesterol levels, etc |
| Excessive production of thyroid hormone | Hyperthyroidism, graves disease |
| Results from any structural or functional abnormality that leads to an insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormone | Hypothyroidism |
| cretinism | hypothyroidism at birth |
| what do the parathyroid glands secrete | parathormone, which is responsible for regulating the blood levels of calcium and phosphate |
| Excessive secretion of parathormone leads to a generalized disorder of calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism that results in elevated serum values | Hyperparathyroidism |
| primary hyperparathyroidism | caused by discrete adenoma, carcinoma or generalized hyperplasia of all glands |
| secondary hyperparathyroidism | attributable to chronic renal failure. |
| tertiary hyperparathyroidism | the development of autonomous functioning parathyroid glands in pt’s who demonstrate progressive bone disease in the presence of biochemical and clinically controlled renal disease |
| hereditary disorder, associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone | Pseudohypoparathyroidism |
| presence of similar skeletal anomalies in other members of the pt’s family in the absence of biochemical disturbances | Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism |
| Common endocrine disorder in which the pancreas fails to secrete insulin or target cells fail to respond to this hormone | Diabetes Mellitus |
Created by:
rnmps