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bio ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weather | day to day conditions in tempurature and rainfall |
| climate | average year to year conditions in Both temperature and rainfall over a large area and a long period of time |
| microclimate | environmental conditions within a small area that differs extremely from the surrounding areas |
| greenhouse effect | process in which certain gasses trap sunlight energy in earths atmosphere |
| tolerance | ability of an organism to reproduce under circumstances that differ from the optimal conditions |
| habitat | area where an organism lives including biotic and abiotic factors |
| niche | full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which an organism uses those conditions |
| resource | any necessity of life water nutrients or space or food |
| competitive exclusion principle | principle that states that no two species can occupy the same niche in an ecosystem |
| predation | interaction between two organisms in which one eats the other |
| herbivory | interaction in which a consumer eats producer |
| keystone species | single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control over the community |
| symbiosis | relationship in which two organisms live closely together |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both animals benefit mutually |
| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism is helped and the other is harmed |
| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| ecological succession | series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance |
| primary succession | succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present |
| pioneer species | first species to populate a region during succession |
| secondary succession | type of succession in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances |
| canopy | dense covering formed by tall rainforest trees |
| coniferous | trees that produce seed bearing cones and have thin needle like leaves |
| permafrost | layer of permanently frozen layer of soil found in a tundra |
| understory | layer in a rainforest found underneath the canopy formed by shorter trees and vines |
| humus | material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter |
| deciduous | a type of tree that sheds its leaves before winter |
| taiga | biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather dominated by coniferous evergreen also called a boreal forest |
| photic zone | sunlight region near the surface of the water |
| aphotic zone | dark layer of the ocean below the photic zone where sun doesn't penetrate |
| benthos | organisms that live attached to our near the bottom of a river lake or ocean |
| plankton | microscopic organisms that live in the aquatic zone includes both phytoplankton and zoo plankton |
| wetland | ecosystem in which water covers soil or is present in or near the surface for at least part of the year |
| estuary | kind of wetland where a river meets an ocean |
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user-1962467