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Dynamic Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geosphere | the rock portion of earth made up of 4 different layers |
| lithosphere | Earth's rigid outer layer made up of the crust and solid upper mantle that is broken into plates that move on the top of asthenosphere |
| asthenosphere | soft slow moving layer beneath the Earth's crust |
| mantle | layer beneath the earths crust that is mostly less solid then the crust |
| outer core | liquid metal surrounding earths inner core |
| inner core | the soldi metal with high pressure and temp |
| crust | the thin hard other layer of Earth |
| what order is the layers in inner to outer | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| the farther you travel in earth the pressure does what | increase |
| Which layer is a solid metal ball made of iron and nickel | outer core |
| Which layer is mostly made up of nickel | outer core |
| what layer are convection currents found in that cause earths plates to move | mantle |
| what layer are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary found in | crust |
| order of layers coldest to hottest | crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
| which layer is responsible for earth magnetic field | outer core |
| why is the inner core solid | high pressure |
| difference between the inner core and the outer core | the outer core is fluid, inner core is solid |
| the mantle is solid but can flow under pressure true or false | true |
| the inner core is solid true or false | false |
| crust facts depth, state of matter, temp | depth 100km, state of matter solid, temp 700c |
| mantle depth, stater of matter, temp, location | depth 63 miles, temp 700c, state of matter solid, location between crust and outer core |
| crust density | 3.0g/cm |
| mantle density | 4.3g/cm |
| outer core density | 10.0g/cm |
| inner core | 13.0g/cm |
| who thought of continental drift | alfred wegener |
| fossil theory | they found fossils of animal that couldn't possibly get to a different continents because they cant swim ore they cant go in saltwater |
| glacier | they saw similar glacier scratches or marks on different continents |
| puzzle theory | the continents fit like a puzzle piece |
| rock theory | they found similar rocks on the outside of continents |
| the age of seafloor spreading theory | The youngest rocks are found at the mid-ocean ridges, where new crust is formed. |
| Magnetic stripes | As new oceanic crust forms at the mid-ocean ridge, it records the current magnetic polarity. |
| Thickness of marine sediments | The sediment layers get thicker as you move farther away from the ridge. |
| Mid-ocean ridges and volcanic activity | Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges where new seafloor is created as magma rises and erupts. |
| convection currents | circular movements in fluids liquids and gases caused by differences in density due to temperature variations |
| divergent plate boundary | Divergent: Plates move away from each other, leading to magma rising to the surface to create new oceanic crust. |
| Convergent boudary | plates that move towards each other |
| oceanic boundary | An oceanic plate subducts (sinks) under a continental plate, creating volcanic mountain ranges |
| what is pangea | the idea of all the continents used to be together |
| Tension oceanic continental | 2 cont. plates move away from each other (tectonic plates are stretched and thinned eventually leading to a new ocean) |
| Tension oceanic-oceanic | 2 plates move away from each other |
| Compression continental-continental | collision 2 cont. crust collide, buckles up pushing crust up |
| Compression continental-oceanic | ocean crust crashes into cont. crust |
| Compression oceanic-oceanic | denser ocean plate slides under less dense ocean plate |
| Shearing | Two plates slide past each other in opposite directions |
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