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Ap Psych Sleep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Effect of lack of sleep on immune system | decreases production immune cells, increasing risk of getting sick |
| Effect of lack of sleep on nervous system | -decreases focus and attention -hinders ablities to store memories |
| Effect of lack of sleep on heart | -increases risk of high blood pressure |
| Effect of lack of sleep on joints | increases joint inflammation (arthritis) |
| Effect of lack of sleep on stomach | -increases production of gherlin ( hunger increasing hormone) -decreases production of leptin (hunger reducing hormone. |
| Effect of lack of sleep on muscles | decreases muscle strength |
| What are the two theories for why we sleep | Memory consolidation theory and the Restoration theory |
| What is the memory conslidation theory? | says that sleep helps strengthen memories, making them more permanent. |
| Restoration theory | - states that sleep allows the body and brain to recover from the physical and mental demands of the day |
| Circadian Rhythm | - the body's 24-hour biological clock that regulates sleep, sleep-wake cycles, body temp, hormones and alertness |
| (NREM) sleep | -Non Rapid eye movement -only includes light dreaming - has three stages NREM 1, NREM 2, and NREM 3 |
| NREM 1 | -lightest sleep out of 3 stages -experiences falling sensations -brain shows theta waves |
| NREM 2 | -slightly deeper sleep than NREM 1 -has sleep spindles (sudden bursts of brain activity) -body temperature drops and heart rate slows down -brain has theta waves |
| NREM 3 | -deepest sleep stage out of the 3 -brain waves shows delta waves -important for physical restoration and immune function |
| Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) | -where vivid dreaming occurs (brain is highly active) -solidifies memories and does emotional processing and learning -called paradoxical dreaming (mind is almost like you are awake but your body is completely still |
| Compare NREM and REM Sleep | - In REM sleep your dreams have a storyline -In NREM sleep there is no story lne but a brief showing of images -NREM decreases as the night goes on and REM increases as you sleep longer |
| Activation synthesis Theory | -suggests that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep |
| Consolidation Theory | -suggests that dreams help your brain organize and store important information from the day |
| Insominia | Trouble falling/staying asleep -sleep disorder |
| Narcolepsy | -Excessive daytime sleepiness -consists of sleep attacks; possible cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations |
| Cataplexy | muscle paralysis often triggered by emotions like humor, surprise, or anger |
| Sleep Apnea | -a sleep disorder where a person stops breathing during sleep and has to walk up to breath again |
| Sleepwalking vs REM behavior disorder | -Sleepwalking occurs in NREM and REM behavior disorder occurs in rem sleep |
| Sleepwalking (somnambulism) | Walking/moving in NREM 3 and having no memory after you wake up -occurs due to the lack of paralysis that keeps a person still during sleep -treatment: put yourself in a safe sleep environment |
| REM Behavior Disorder | -Acting out vivid/violent dreams during REM; -occurs due to the lack of paralysis that keeps a person still during sleep -treatment: put yourself in a safe sleep environment |
| Sleep spindle | rapid burst of brain activity |
| Alpha waves | -brain waves associated with relaxed wakefulness and calm, quiet mental state -STILL AWAKE (RIGHT BEFORE YOU FALL ASLEEP/ENTER REM 1) |
| Delta waves | slow brain waves associated with deep sleep and NREM sleep |
| Rem. rebound | when deprived of rem sleep, the body will catch up by increasing the amount of Rem sleep in the following nights -results in you falling into to rem sleep a lot faster |
| Theta waves | brain waves associated with light sleep, drowsiness, and early stages of NREM sleep |
| Night mares vs night terrors | -Nightmares occurs in Rem -Night terrors occurs in NREM |
| Four categories of psychoactive drugs | -stimulants -depressants -hallucinogens -opids |
| stimulants | increase neural activity to boost alertness energy, heart rate and anxiety -increase neurotransmitter activity and boost mood -Ex: caffeine, cocaine, and Methylamine (meth) |
| depressants | -reduce body function -calm down nervous system and lowers reaction time -decrease neurotransmission activity -Enhance GABA hormone -Ex: Alcohol and barbiturates |
| hallucinogens | -distort perception, alter mood and cause users to hallucinate -Ex: marijuana and LSD |
| opioids | -relieve pain and emotional stress by mimicking the body's endorphins (natural pain killers) -used for short term pain relieve -depressants -any drug made form opium |
| agonists | -substances that increase neurotransmitter activity by mimcking neurotransmitters or preventing reuptake Ex: opiods act as agonists as they reduce pain |
| antagonists | -substances that decrease neurotransmitter activity usually by blocking neurotransmission sites |
| Cocaine | -most powerful stimulant drug |
| Ecstasy | a stimulant that boosts dopamine, erepinphrine and Serotonin levels, increasing alertness, and energy |
| Methylamine | a stimulant that boosts dopamine, erepinphrine and serotin levels, increasing alertness, and energy -less powerful than cocaine |
| Alcohol | - a depressant that increases the release of GABA hormone |
| Sedative hyponotic drugs | anxiety reducing drugs that can also help with sleep -also known as depressants Ex: barbiturates and benzo |
| Barbiturates | -addictive sedative hypnotic drug that reduces anxiety and helps people sleep -known as major tranquilizers |
| Benzodiazepines | -Relieve anxiety without making people as drowsy -bind to GABA receptors -minor tranquilizer drug |
| Gaba | a hormone that relaxes the body |
| LSD | -A Powerful hallucinogen -changes serotonin levels |
| Sleep spindles | bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM 2 sleep. |
| Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) | Neurologic disorder; urge to move legs due to Creeping, crawling, and tingling, sensations |
| Heroin | a hallucinogen |
| LSD | a hallucinogen |
| nicotine | a stimulant |
| Fetanyl | a opioid (depressant) |
| Ectasy | a stimulant |
| Xanax | a depressant |
| Adderall | stimulant |
Created by:
KenechukwuIE