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earths layers
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| seismic wave | an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
| mesosphere | the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, protects earth from meteors |
| geosphere | the rock part of our planet, made up of 4 layers |
| asthenosphere | soft, slow moving layer beneath the crust |
| lithosphere | earths rigid layer, made up of the crust and parts of the mantle |
| mantle | layer beneath the crust that is less solid than the crust |
| outer core | the liquid, metal layer that surrounds earths inner core |
| inner core | solid, metal center of earth with high pressure and temperature |
| crust | thin, hard layer of earth |
| what is the order of the layers from the inside out | inner core, outer core, mantle, crust |
| as you travel further into the earth, the pressure_____ | increases |
| which layer is a solid metal ball made of nickel and iron | inner core |
| which layer is made if liquid nickel and iron | outer core |
| the movement of earths plates caused by convection currents are found in which layer | mantle |
| which layer is made from sedimentary, ingenuous, and metamorphic rock | crust |
| what is the order of the layers from coldest to hottest (outside to inside) | crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
| which layer is responsible for earths magnetic field | outer core |
| why is earths inner core solid | high pressure |
| what is the difference between earths inner core and outer core | outer core=liquid inner core=solid |
| which layer is a solid but can flow under pressure | mantle |
| plate tectonics (evidence to support) | 1. continents fit like a puzzle 2. alike fossils on other continents 3. similar rocks on other continents 4. glacier evidence on other continents |
| sea floor spreading | occurs at moving apart plate boundaries, pillow lava (quickly cooled lava under water), magnetic reversal |
| magnetic reversal | the process where the Earth's magnetic north and south poles swap positions, the new crust that forms is evidence of sea floor spreading |
| planetary differentiation | the process where a celestial body separates into distinct internal layers based on the density of its materials, creating a core, mantle, and crust |
| planets density | the more dense planets are near the core (hotter) and the less dense planets are near the crust (cooler) |
| continental drift | Alfred wegener first thought of this theory, the theory that Earth's continents have moved to their current positions over millions of years |
| evidence of continental drift | puzzle fit continents, glacier evidence, rock evidence and fossil evidence on different continents |
| evidence of sea floor spreading | harry hess discovered this with using evidence of magnetic reversal, pillow lava and old oceanic crust |
| convection currents | heat-driven cycles that occur in fluids like liquids and gases, such as in the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and mantle |
| plate tectonic boundaries | Divergent boundaries, where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other, Convergent boundaries, where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another, Transform boundaries, crust isn't made/destroyed |
| subduction | the geological process where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another and sinks into the Earth's mantle at a convergent boundary |
| magnetic stripping | seafloor spreading magnetic stripes, which are patterns of magnetic anomalies on the ocean floor, or flexible magnetic strips with adhesive backing used for organizational purposes |
| divergent boundary | normal fault, pushes apart, hanging wall down, tension |
| convergent boundary | reverse fault, pushes together, hanging wall up, compression |
| transform | strike slip, separates up and down, hanging wall moves along, shear stress. |
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