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Carbs and lipids
Carbs and lipids definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Steroid | Type of lipid composed of a four fused hydrocarbon rings forming a planar structure |
| monomer | Smallest unit of larger molecules called polymers |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants; provides structural support to the cell |
| Triglyceride | Fat molecule; consists of tree fatty acid linked to a glycerol molecule |
| Startch | Storage carbohydrate in plants |
| Hormore | Chemical signaling molecule, usually protein or steroids, secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes |
| Protein | A biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids |
| Amylopectin | Polysaccharide made from alpha glucose monomers linked by 1, 4 glycosidic bonds with branches joined b 1, 6 glycosidic bonds. Used for storage in plant cells. |
| Wax | A lipid made of a long chain of fatty acid that us esterified to a long chain alcohol; serves as a protective coating on some feathers, aquatic mammal fur, and leaves |
| Polysaccharide | Long chain of monosaccharides; may be branches or unbranched |
| Hydrolysis | Reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules with the utilization of water |
| Polymer | Chain of monomer residues that is linked by covalent bonds; polyerization is the process of polymer formation from monomers by condensation |
| Glycogen | Storage of carbohydrate in animals |
| Lipid | Macromolecule that is non-polar and insoluble in water |
| Carbohydrate | Biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in cells and form the cellular exoskeleton of arthropods. |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | Long chain hydrocarbon that has one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain |
| Primary structure | Linear sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| Biological macromolecule | Large molecule necessary for life that is built from smaller organic molecules |
| monosaccharide | Single unit or monomer of carbohydrates |
| Glycosidic bond | Bond formed by a dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides with the elimination of a water molecule |
| Amylose | Polysaccharide made from alpha glucose monomers linked by 1, 4 glycosidic bonds. Forms compact coils that can trap iodine giving a blueblack positive starch test. |
| Disaccharide | Two sugar monomers that are linked together by a glycosidic bond |
| Chitin | Type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all arthropods that include crustaceans and insects; it also forms the cell walls of fungi |
| Phospholipid | Major constituent of the membranes; composed of the two fatty acids and a phosphate - containing group attached to a glycerol backbone |
| Condensation synthesis | (also dehydration) reaction that links moomer molecules together, releasing a molecule of water for each bond formed. |
| Trans fat | Fat formed artificially by hydrogenating oils, leading to a different arrangement of double bonds than those found in naturally occuring lipids |
| Saturated fatty acid | Long chain of hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized |
Created by:
Golbs_Helmet