A metabolic process in which cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water; occurs in the mitochondria.

A biological catalyst made of protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the reaction.

Passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached; no energy required.

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Muscle fibers contract when myosin heads bind to actin filaments, pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere, powered by ATP and calcium release.

A rapid change in electrical charge along the neuron membrane caused by the influx of sodium ions followed by efflux of potassium ions, enabling nerve impulse transmission.

Synaptic Transmission

The process by which a nerve impulse crosses the synaptic cleft via neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron to stimulate the postsynaptic cell.

Continuous process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and deposition by osteoblasts, allowing bone to adapt to stress and repair microdamage.

Viscous fluid secreted by the synovial membrane that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage in freely movable joints.

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute; calculated as stroke volume × heart rate. Essential for maintaining tissue perfusion.

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SocorroG

Physiology wks 1-6

Term	Definition
Cellular Respiration	A metabolic process in which cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water; occurs in the mitochondria.
Enzyme	A biological catalyst made of protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the reaction.
Diffusion	Passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached; no energy required.
Osmosis	The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
Muscle Contraction	Muscle fibers contract when myosin heads bind to actin filaments, pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere, powered by ATP and calcium release.
Action Potential	A rapid change in electrical charge along the neuron membrane caused by the influx of sodium ions followed by efflux of potassium ions, enabling nerve impulse transmission.
Synaptic Transmission	The process by which a nerve impulse crosses the synaptic cleft via neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron to stimulate the postsynaptic cell.
Bone Remodeling	Continuous process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and deposition by osteoblasts, allowing bone to adapt to stress and repair microdamage.
Synovial Fluid	Viscous fluid secreted by the synovial membrane that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage in freely movable joints.
Cardiac Output	The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute; calculated as stroke volume × heart rate. Essential for maintaining tissue perfusion.

Created by: user-1990682

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