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chp4 anatomy/phys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Axial skeleton | Bones along the central axis of the body including the skull, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column |
| Appendicular skeleton | Bones of the appendages and structures connecting them to the axial skeleton including the limbs and girdles |
| Support | Function of the skeletal system that provides structure and shape for the body |
| Protection | Function of the skeletal system that surrounds and protects internal organs |
| Mineral storage | Function of the skeletal system that stores calcium and phosphorus |
| Blood cell formation | Function of the skeletal system where red blood cells are made in the bone marrow |
| Anchoring and movement of muscles | Function of the skeletal system where bones act as levers for muscle movement |
| Bone | Dense connective tissue made of collagen fibers and minerals |
| Long bones | Bones found in the extremities that are longer than they are wide |
| Short bones | Cube-shaped bones in the hands and feet allowing flexible movement |
| Flat bones | Bones that protect organs and provide broad surface for muscle attachment |
| Sesamoid bones | Small bones embedded within tendons such as the patella |
| Irregular bones | Complex-shaped bones like vertebrae, jawbones, and coccyx |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphysis | The end of a long bone |
| Epiphyseal plate | Growth plate where bone lengthens during childhood |
| Cortical bone | Dense and strong bone tissue also called compact bone |
| Cancellous bone | Spongy bone that is less dense and found at the ends of long bones |
| Medullary cavity | Hollow center of long bones containing yellow marrow |
| Red bone marrow | Tissue that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| Hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells in bone marrow |
| Joint | Point where two or more bones connect |
| Ligament | Fibrous tissue connecting bone to bone |
| Tendon | Fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone |
| Diarthroses | Freely movable joints like ball-and-socket or hinge joints |
| Amphiarthroses | Slightly movable joints such as those in ribs and pelvis |
| Synarthroses | Immovable joints like those in the cranium |
| Synovial joint | Joint with a membrane secreting lubricating synovial fluid |
| Bursa | Fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bones and tendons |
| Bone process | Projection or outgrowth on a bone where muscles and tendons attach |
| Bone depression | Hollow or opening in a bone for articulation or passage of vessels |
| Cranium | Skull bones that protect the brain |
| Fontanels | Soft spots between cranial bones in infants |
| Mandible | Lower jawbone and only movable facial bone |
| Sternum | Breastbone located in the center of the chest |
| Ribs | Bones forming the thoracic cage protecting organs |
| True ribs | First seven pairs of ribs attached directly to the sternum |
| False ribs | Ribs 8–10 that attach indirectly to the sternum |
| Floating ribs | Ribs 11–12 that attach only to vertebrae |
| Vertebral column | Spine made of 26 bone segments protecting the spinal cord |
| Cervical vertebrae | First seven vertebrae forming the neck |
| Thoracic vertebrae | Twelve vertebrae connecting to the ribs |
| Lumbar vertebrae | Five vertebrae in the lower back region |
| Sacrum | Triangular bone of fused segments at the base of the spine |
| Coccyx | Tailbone made of fused vertebrae |
| Shoulder girdle | Clavicle and scapula connecting the arms to the axial skeleton |
| Humerus | Upper arm bone |
| Radius | Forearm bone on the thumb side |
| Ulna | Larger forearm bone forming the elbow |
| Carpals | Eight wrist bones |
| Metacarpals | Five hand bones |
| Phalanges | Finger or toe bones |
| Pelvic girdle | Structure connecting lower limbs to the axial skeleton |
| Ilium | Broad upper part of the pelvis |
| Ischium | Posterior part of the pelvic bone |
| Pubis | Anterior part of the pelvic bone |
| Femur | Thighbone and longest bone in the body |
| Patella | Kneecap bone |
| Tibia | Larger bone of the lower leg or shinbone |
| Fibula | Smaller bone of the lower leg |
| Tarsals | Seven ankle bones |
| Calcaneus | Heel bone |
| Talus | Ankle bone that connects to the tibia |
| Metatarsals | Five bones of the foot |
Created by:
ush