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chp4 disease/conditi

QuestionAnswer
ankylosing spondylitis A form of rheumatoid arthritis characterized by inflammation of vertebral joints
ankylosis A stiff joint caused by adhesion
arthralgia Pain in a joint or joints.
arthritis Inflammation of joints; usually accompanied by pain and
osteoarthritis Joint disease that mostly affects cartilage between the bone and joint; also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD).
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) A chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints; results in crippling deformities
gout Form of arthritis in which uric acid builds up in the blood and causes joint swelling and pain; gouty arthritis.
bunion Joint swelling at the base of the great toe
bursitis Inflammation of the bursa
chondromalacia Softening of the cartilage.
dislocation Total displacement of a bone from its joint; luxation.
fracture A break in a bone.
Colles fracture A fracture of the distal radius (bone on the thumb side of the forearm) that results from a fall onto an outstretched hand.
comminuted fracture A bone that has splintered or has been crushed.
compound fracture A broken bone with an open wound leading to the site of the fracture
greenstick fracture An incomplete fracture; the bone is bent and partially broken. This type occurs primarily in children.
longitudinal fracture A fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone.
oblique fracture A break across the bone at an angle.
pathologic fracture A fracture resulting from pressure on weakened bone; due to osteoporosis or cancer.
simple fracture A broken bone that does not penetrate the skin; also called closed fracture.
spiral fracture A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart; a common sports injury.
stress fracture A small crack in bone resulting from chronic, excessive impact; an overuse injury.
transverse fracture A fracture that runs straight across the bone, at a right angle to the long axis. It is often caused by a direct blow or prolonged stress, such as from running
herniated disk Intervertebral disk that has slipped or ruptured.
lumbago Pain in the lower back (lumbar) region.
myeloma Cancer of the plasma cells that originates in the bone marrow.
ostealgia Pain in the bone.
osteitis or ostitis Inflammation of the bone.
osteochondroma Tumor or bony projection that covers cartilage.
osteoma Tumor of the bone.
osteomalacia Abnormal softening of the bone. In children
osteomyelitis Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.
osteopenia Bone deficiency; in a young person
osteoporosis Condition of small holes in the bones; noticeable loss of bone density.
osteosarcoma Malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue and affects the bone.
Paget’s disease Excessive breakdown of bone and abnormal
periostitis Inflammation of the periosteum
sequestrum Bone tissue death that occurs when the bone has become separated from healthy tissue due to lack of blood supply.
spina bifida Split spine; congenital condition in which part of the membrane covering the spinal cord protrudes through a gap in the spine.
spinal curvatures Abnormal curvatures of the spine.
kyphosis Abnormal, outward curvature of the thoracic spine; humpback; called Dowager’s hump in older females (Figure 4.25).
lordosis Abnormal, forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback (Figure 4.26).
scoliosis abnormal, lateral curvature of the spine
spondylosis Stiffening of the spine; spinal osteoarthritis.
sprain Trauma to the ligaments surrounding a joint
subluxation Partial dislocation of a bone from its joint.
talipes Congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (anklebone); clubfoot.
tendinitis or tendonitis Inflammation of a tendon.
Created by: ush
 

 



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