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science
start filling in throught the week and practice everyday
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is weathering? | Weathering is the breakdown of rocks where they are. |
| What is erosion? | Erosion is the movement of those broken pieces of rock (called sediments) to new places. |
| What is the 3 types of weathering? | Physical, Chemical, Biological. Ohmygo im gonna fail |
| Explain the three types of weathering? | P-rocks break without changing chemical composition. C–the decomposition of rocks because chemical reactions between minerals in rocks +environment. B–weathering caused by living organisms. Biological weathering can be either physical or chemical. |
| What is the type of weather that breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing what the rock is made of? | Mechanical/Physical |
| What is the most powerful erosional force on earth? | Water/ice. fuck im failing |
| What are the steps in the rock cycle? | 1. Weathering and erosion 2. Compaction and cementation 3. Heat & Pressure 4. Melting 5. Cooling and solidifying |
| Name a real world example of the rock cycle. | idk |
| Explain how a sedimentary rock could eventually become an igneous rock. | Heat and pressure to sedimentary rock-->metamorphic rock, melting--->magma, cooling-->igneous rock |
| What is geology? | The study of the Earth, its materials and processes |
| What are the layers of the Earth? | Crust, mantle, upper mantle and lithosphere, lower mantle and asthenosphere and the outer and inner core. |
| How is a sedimentary rock formed, what are its uses and examples of it? | Its formed by the accumulation and compaction of sediments over time, used for concrete and an example is sandstone |
| Describe the crust | It is 5-7 cm thick making it the thinnest layer, made of solid rocks, all life and landscapes are found here and its broken into tectonic plates that slowly move. |
| Describe the outer core | About 2,200km thick, made of liquid iron and nickel, movement creates Earth's magnetic field which protects us from the sun. |
| What is the rock cycle? | The natural process that changes rocks from one type to another over time and takes millions of years to complete |
| giiggleshits | fafa poo |
| Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest? | Crust |
| Which layer do humans live on? | Crust |
| Which layer creates Earth’s magnetic field? | The Earth's outer core. |
| I poo in my sleep | hahahahhahha |
| Which layer is the thickest? | The mantle. |
| Do rocks stay the same forever? | No, rocks don't stay the same forever, they can be broken down, melted, squashed, or re formed into something new. |
| What are some of the things that Weathering AND Erosion make together? | Mountains and valleys. Caves and cliffs. Beaches, sand dunes, and fertile soil. Without these processes, Earth's surface would be flat, bare and lifeless. |
| What is the lithosphere made of? | Crust and upper mantle |
| Metamorphic rocks form when? | when existing rocks, such as sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks, are changed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical-rich fluids, without melting. |
| Basalt is an example of which type of rock? | Igneous rock. |
| When are igneous rocks formed? | When magma or lava cools and solidifies. |
| What are the three different tectonic plate boundaries and what motion do they move? | Divergent → plates move apart Convergent → plates collide Transform → plates slide past |
| When are sedimentary rocks formed? | Over millions of years, when tiny particles of rock that have been weathered and eroded settle out of slow moving water.. |
| Where do the tectonic plates belong/move? | The mantle, specifically the softer mantle below tectonic plates. |
| Explain the lithosphere and what the earths crust is made of. | Earth’s crust isn’t one solid shell — it’s broken into large slabs called tectonic plates that slowly move over the hot, flowing mantle below. Plates are made of rigid lithosphere. |
| What make tectonic plates move? | Convection: moving of heat through liquids &gases. When part of a fluid gets hot, its particles move faster and spread out, it’s lighter, it rises. moves away from the heat source, cools, becomes denser, sinks. This creates a cycle- convection. |
| Can you explain the effect and example of one of the three boundaries? | Divergent: effect is constructive. Convergent: effect is destructive Transform: effect is conservative |
| What is geological time? | Geological time is how scientists divide Earth’s long history into manageable sections. |
| What are the 4 geological time era's and their time span? | 1. Precambrian 4.6b-541m yr ago 2. Paleozoic Era 541-252m yr ago 3. Mesozoic Era 252-66mil year- now 4. Cenozoic Era 66myr-now |
| How do scientists know about geological time? | Scientists study rocks and fossils to work out what happened in Earth’s past and when it happened. |
| Who and when came up with continental drift? | Alfred Wegener, in 1912. |
| What was Wegener's big idea? | Wegener suggested all continents were once joined into one landmass called Pangaea, and slowly drifted to their current positions.. |
| What was the evidence for continental drift? | 1. Jigsaw fit of continents, Countries look like puzzle pieces. 2. Fossil evidence: Same extinct reptiles & plants (e.g. Mesosaurus, Glossopteris) found on continents now far apart. 3. Rock & mountain similarities 4. Past climate clues |
| Why wasn't Wegener's theory accepted at first? | Wegener’s theory was not accepted at first because he couldn’t explain how continents moved. |
| 5️⃣ What discovery later explained how continents move? | Seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. |
| What happened to new discoveries after Wegener's theory? | These discoveries showed that Earth’s crust is broken into plates that slowly move over the semi-melted mantle. Wegener’s idea evolved into the modern Plate Tectonic Theory, which explains earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building. |
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