Simple sugars provide the main source of energy for cells; complex carbohydrates may provide temporary energy storage Lipids can be stored and broken down later for energy; they yield more energy per unit of weight than carbohydrates or proteins do

Ribose and deoxyribose sugars serve as components of RNA and DNA subunits

Cell Membrane Components

Sugars on cell membranes may act as signals or identification tags, as in immune system identification of cell types

Carbohydrates make up important functional materials within the substance found between cells of some tissues

Carbohydrates that make up plant fibers promote digestive health

Phospholipids and cholesterol are required components of cell membranes

Lipid-soluble vitamins: vitamin A forms retinal (necessary for night vision); vitamin D increases calcium uptake; vitamin E promotes wound healing; and vitamin K is required for the synthesis of blood-clotting proteins

Fatty tissue surrounds and protects organs

Fatty tissue under the skin minimizes heat loss; lipid tissue (myelin) covers nerve cells and electrically insulates them

Steroid hormones regulate many physiological processes; for example, estrogen and testosterone are responsible for many of the differences between females and males; prostaglandins help regulate inflammation and tissue repair; some phospholipids regulate

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Jessica Zaragoza

Biomolecules- Major Functions of Human Carbohydrate and Lipid Compounds

Term	Definition
Energy	Simple sugars provide the main source of energy for cells; complex carbohydrates may provide temporary energy storage Lipids can be stored and broken down later for energy; they yield more energy per unit of weight than carbohydrates or proteins do
Molecular Structure	Ribose and deoxyribose sugars serve as components of RNA and DNA subunits
Cell Membrane Components	Sugars on cell membranes may act as signals or identification tags, as in immune system identification of cell types
Extracellular Matrix	Carbohydrates make up important functional materials within the substance found between cells of some tissues
Dietary Fiber	Carbohydrates that make up plant fibers promote digestive health
Structure	Phospholipids and cholesterol are required components of cell membranes
Vitamins	Lipid-soluble vitamins: vitamin A forms retinal (necessary for night vision); vitamin D increases calcium uptake; vitamin E promotes wound healing; and vitamin K is required for the synthesis of blood-clotting proteins
Protection	Fatty tissue surrounds and protects organs
Insulation	Fatty tissue under the skin minimizes heat loss; lipid tissue (myelin) covers nerve cells and electrically insulates them
Regulation	Steroid hormones regulate many physiological processes; for example, estrogen and testosterone are responsible for many of the differences between females and males; prostaglandins help regulate inflammation and tissue repair; some phospholipids regulate

Created by: Yeska415

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