Unconscious patterns, early life experiences, attachment, and defense mechanisms

Thought patterns and beliefs that shape behavior and emotion

Client’s internal frame of reference and capacity for growth

Social power, oppression, identity, cultural, and systemic influences

Language and story as a site of meaning; separating person from the problem

Meaning as central to human experience; finding purpose through suffering or struggle

Motivational Interviewing (MI)

Ambivalence, change talk, client autonomy, values-based motivation

“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide Psychodynamic reflection.

Psychodynamic: “It sounds like this choice may connect to patterns from earlier in your life—perhaps a sense of needing to prove something?

“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide CBT reflection.

CBT: “Let’s look at the thoughts that come up when you feel unsure about this job. Are there any beliefs driving that exhaustion?”

“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide MI reflection.

MI: “Part of you really wanted this opportunity, and now you're feeling unsure. What feels out of alignment between what you hoped for and how it’s going?” (elicits change talk and values clarification)

“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide Feminist/MCT reflection.

Feminist/MCT: “It’s possible the pressure you’re feeling isn’t just personal. How might race, gender, or expectations from others be shaping your experience?”

“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide Narrative reflection.

Narrative: “You’ve mentioned this job was supposed to be a turning point. How would you describe the story you’re telling yourself about what’s happening now?”

Always pair interpretation with a check-in

“Does that feel true to you?” or “How does that sit with you?”

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Theoretical Lenses

Snapshot

Term	Definition
Psychodynamic	Unconscious patterns, early life experiences, attachment, and defense mechanisms
Cognitive-Behavioral	Thought patterns and beliefs that shape behavior and emotion
Person-Centered	Client’s internal frame of reference and capacity for growth
Feminist / MCT	Social power, oppression, identity, cultural, and systemic influences
Narrative Therapy	Language and story as a site of meaning; separating person from the problem
Logotherapy	Meaning as central to human experience; finding purpose through suffering or struggle
Motivational Interviewing (MI)	Ambivalence, change talk, client autonomy, values-based motivation
“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide Psychodynamic reflection.	Psychodynamic: “It sounds like this choice may connect to patterns from earlier in your life—perhaps a sense of needing to prove something?
“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide CBT reflection.	CBT: “Let’s look at the thoughts that come up when you feel unsure about this job. Are there any beliefs driving that exhaustion?”
“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide MI reflection.	MI: “Part of you really wanted this opportunity, and now you're feeling unsure. What feels out of alignment between what you hoped for and how it’s going?” (elicits change talk and values clarification)
“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide Feminist/MCT reflection.	Feminist/MCT: “It’s possible the pressure you’re feeling isn’t just personal. How might race, gender, or expectations from others be shaping your experience?”
“I feel like I don’t even know why I took this job. I’m tired all the time and I’m not even sure it was worth it.” Provide Narrative reflection.	Narrative: “You’ve mentioned this job was supposed to be a turning point. How would you describe the story you’re telling yourself about what’s happening now?”
Always pair interpretation with a check-in	“Does that feel true to you?” or “How does that sit with you?”

Created by: hdemerly

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