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Stack #4550988
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are reactants | starting substances in a reaction, bonds in atoms are broken, and energy must be absorbed |
| what are products | new substances formed by a reaction, new bonds are formed, and energy is released |
| what are atoms | the smallest particle of matter |
| what are elements | pure substance made up of only one type of atom |
| rate of reaction | the time taken for a reaction to occur, depepdns on proportion of successful collisions |
| how does a reaction occur / collision theory | particles collide with enough energy to surpass the activation energy threshold, and with the correct orientation |
| activation energy | minimum amount for a reaction to occur |
| factors effects rate of reaction | increase in surface area: increases the freuqency of collsions increase in temp: gives particles kinetic energy for collisions catalyst: provides an alternatte pathway for the collision |
| characteristics of metals | lustrous, malleable, conducts heat + electricity |
| alkali metals: | group 1 metals. charge 1+, highly reactive and increases reactivity as you go down |
| alkaline metals: | charge 2+, very reactive, low melting points, reactivity increases as you go down |
| characteristics of non-metals | groups 4-8, all gases except for bromine, do not conduct heat or electricity well, brittle+dull |
| what is reactivity: | how easy it is for an atom to lose/gain electrons |
| what happens when you go down a group? | atoms are larger, valence electrons are futher from the nucleus therefore its easier to lose them (increases in reactivity) |
| what happens when you go across a group? | reactivity increases right to left, atoms get larger therefore elemets can lose electrons easier |
| electrons in shell 1, 2, 3, and formula | 2, 4, 18, 2n^2 |
| ion: | whne an atom gains or loses an electron gains: negatively charged (more electrons than protons) anions loses: positively charged (more protons than electrons) cations |
| ionic bonds | bonds that form when ions interact, held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction |
| ionic compounds | cations and anions in lattice, alternating and in equal amounts (crystal structure) |
| common traits of ionic compounds | -solid at room temp - dissolve in water - brittle : when a force is applied, like charges align which repels eachother, shattering lattice - high melt point |
| what is aqueous sol | the ions in compounds are attraccted to the (-/+) poles in water, dissolving the compound when particles are mobile, electricity conduction is easy |
| how to calculte neutrons ? | atomic mass - atomic number |
| what are molecular formulas | describe the number and type of atoms that join to form the molecule |
| what are covalent compunds | molecules formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration |
| charges in each groups? | group 1: 1+ group 2: 2+ group 13: 3+ group 14: 4+- group 15: 3- group 16: 2- group 17: 1- |
| what is a chemical reaction | a reaction occuring when two or more substances come together to form a new substance, energy breaks bonds to form new bonds |
| what are indicators of a chemical reaction? | colour change, temo change, bubbles, new smel |
| law of conservation of mass: | in a chemical reaction, matter in maintained meaning total mass of reactants = total mass of products |
| types of chemical reactions | combination, decomposition, single displacemet, double displacement |
| what are combination reactions | A+B --> AB, two reactants, one product |
| what are decomposition reactions | AB --> A+B |
| what are single displacement reactions? | A+BC --> AC+B more reactive element displaces less reactive element in a compound ** for metals the more reactive one displaces the less reactive one |
| what are double displacement reactions? | AB+CD --> AD+CB two compounds exchange cations to form different compounds , usually occuring in aq sols |
| precipitation reactions | two ionic compounds in aqueous solutions are mixed, ions swap partners and sold precipitate forms aq + aq --> aq + solid |
| neutralisation reactions | acid + base --> salt+water (the acid and base neutralise eachother) |
| combustion reactions | exothermic reaction involving (usually a fuel) substance, reacting with oxygen --> releasing heat and light |
Created by:
lipikaa