Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Antro exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who calculated that Earth was created in 4004 BC? | James Ussher. |
| What did Plato believe about species? | Species are based on perfect, unchanging forms. |
| What was Aristotle’s idea of the “Scala Naturae”? | A natural hierarchy ranking organisms from simple to complex. |
| What is teleology? | Explaining phenomena by divine purpose or ultimate design. |
| Who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system? | Nicolaus Copernicus. |
| Who confirmed heliocentrism through observation? | Galileo Galilei. |
| Who developed the binomial classification system? | Carl Linnaeus. |
| What was ironic about Linnaeus’s classification system? | It grouped humans with primates. |
| What did Buffon suggest about species? | Species change over time and may share common ancestry. |
| What was Lamarck’s evolutionary theory? | Inheritance of acquired traits through use and disuse. |
| What was Cuvier’s explanation for extinction? | Catastrophism—species wiped out by sudden disasters. |
| What geological principle did Lyell propose? | Uniformitarianism—processes that shape Earth now are the same as in the past. |
| What observation inspired Darwin’s theory of natural selection? | Finches with different beak types on the Galápagos Islands. |
| What did Malthus propose that influenced Darwin? | Populations grow faster than resources, leading to competition. |
| What year was On the Origin of Species published? | 1859 |
| What are Darwin’s three principles of natural selection? | 1) Overproduction of offspring 2) Variation among individuals 3) Inheritance of advantageous traits |
| Who independently discovered natural selection? | Alfred Russel Wallace. |
| Natural Selection - 3 fundamental Points: | 1. The ability of the population to expand is infinite, but the carrying capacity of the environment is finite 2. Individuals in a given species vary in morphology and behavior, and this variation leads to differential survival and reproduction 3.Some |
| What is the difference between evolution and natural selection? | Natural selection is a mechanism; evolution is the result. |
| Who discovered the basic laws of inheritance? | Gregor Mendel. |
| What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation? | Each parent contributes one allele per gene. |
| What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment? | Traits are inherited independently of one another. |
| Define allele. | An alternative form of a gene. |
| Define genotype. | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Define phenotype. | Observable traits or characteristics. |
| What is a mutation? | A random change in DNA that creates new variation. |
| What is the unit of evolutionary change? | The population. |
| What is evolution in modern biological terms? | A change in allele frequencies within a population over time. |
| What are the four main mechanisms of evolution? | Natural selection, mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift. |
| What is gene flow? | Movement of alleles between populations through migration or interbreeding. |
| What is genetic drift? | Random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations. |
| What is the founder effect? | When a small group colonizes a new area, reducing genetic variation. |
| What is the bottleneck effect? | A population’s size is drastically reduced, decreasing genetic diversity. |
| What is sexual selection? | Evolution of traits that increase mating success. |
| What is intersexual selection? | Mate choice between sexes (e.g., females choosing males). |
| What is intrasexual selection? | Competition within one sex (e.g., male–male combat). |
| What is speciation? | Formation of new species through reproductive isolation. |
| What are the three main types of speciation? | Allopatric, Parapatric, and Sympatric. |
| What is allopatric speciation? | Geographic separation prevents gene flow. |
| What is parapatric speciation? | Populations occupy adjacent but distinct habitats. |
| What is sympatric speciation? | New species form within the same geographic area. |
| What is adaptive radiation? | Rapid diversification into multiple new species to fill different ecological niches. (lemurs and finches) |
| Give two examples of adaptive radiation. | Darwin’s finches; mammalian diversification after dinosaur extinction. |
| What is cladogenesis? | Splitting of one species into two or more. |
| What is anagenesis? | Gradual transformation of a single species into another. |
| What is phylogeny? | The evolutionary relationships among species. |
| What is a plesiomorphy? | A primitive, ancestral trait. |
| What is an apomorphy? | A newly evolved (derived) trait. |
| What is a synapomorphy? | A shared derived trait that defines a group. |
| What is homology? | Similar traits due to shared ancestry. |
| What is analogy (homoplasy)? | Similar traits evolved independently (e.g., wings in bats and birds). |
| What is the principle of parsimony? | The simplest explanation (fewest evolutionary changes) is most likely correct. |
| When did dinosaurs go extinct? | 66 million years ago. |
| What caused the K–Pg extinction? | The Chicxulub asteroid impact. |
| What followed the extinction of dinosaurs? | Adaptive radiation of mammals. |
| When did the first true primates appear? | Early Eocene (around 56 million years ago). |
| What was the PETM (Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum)? | A period of global warming that expanded tropical forests. |
| What were Omomyoids like? | Small, nocturnal, insectivorous, arboreal; ancestors of haplorhines (tarsiers). |
| What were Adapoids like? | Larger, diurnal, frugivorous/folivorous, sexually dimorphic; ancestors of strepsirrhines (lemurs). |
| Why did Adapoids and Omomyoids go extinct? | Global cooling during the Eocene–Oligocene transition. |
| What event cooled the planet after the Eocene? | Formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the Drake Passage opened. |
| What is evolution in its simplest form? | Change in allele frequencies in a population over time. |
| On what level does natural selection act? | Individuals. |
| On what level does evolution occur? | Populations. |
| What provides the raw material for evolution? | Mutation. |
| What is required for speciation? | Reproductive isolation. |
| What environmental factor strongly influenced early primate evolution? | Climate change after the extinction of dinosaurs. |
Created by:
user-1981429