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Minerals

Exam 2 Topic 1

Whatever Answer
Elements & Minerals - 87 naturally occurring elements. 12 of which are found in earth's crust in <1% and make up 99% of the mass of the crust - 70% of the crust is Oxygen & Silicon
Minerals are Made of Elements Atoms --> Element --> Minerals --> Rocks
Rare Earth Metals - Neodymium --> Airpods - Lanthanum --> Defense/Night Vision Goggles
Mineral Classes - Silicates - Halides - Sulfides - Sulfates - Oxides - Native Metals - Carbonates
Silicates - Major rock-forming minerals - Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron - Can be bonded in different configurations which determines appearance, hardness, etc.
Over 4000 known minerals composed of elements - Single Element - Simple compounds - Complex compound
Rock Types Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Gemstones are Minerals
Diamond 1 - simple carbon mineral - intense heat and pressure - Graphite --> intense heat and pressure --> diamond - diamond shape from atomic crystal structure
Kimberlite (Pipes) - Rocks that have diamonds in them delivered to the crust near the surface by violent eruptions of magma from upper mantle - Eruptions billion years ago result in deep cones of kimberlite pipes
Diamond Properties - Hardest naturally occurring substance (Mohs 10) - High thermal conductivity (cold) - Carbon atoms are tightly packed - Short strong atomic bonds - Very dense -- conducts heat and bends light
Graphite Properties -
Created by: user-1991629
 

 



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