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Oceans & Weather
Unit 3 8th Grade
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | The relatively thin layer of gases that forms Earth’s outermost layer. |
| Hydrosphere | The portion of Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor. |
| Air Masses | a body of air with uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure |
| Atmospheric Pressure | Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point on Earth |
| Climate | long-term weather conditions in an area |
| Coriolis Effect | The effect of Earth’s rotation on the direction of winds and currents. |
| Global pattern | Large-scale air movements driven by the Earth's uneven heating and rotation |
| Jet Stream | a fast-flowing, narrow band of air high in the atmosphere that travels from west to east and influences weather patterns. |
| Convection | movement caused by density; warm will rise and cold will sink |
| Convection cells | The movement of a fluid (gas or liquid), caused by differences in temperature; transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. |
| Conduction | The transfer of energy from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects that are in direct contact. |
| radiation | The transfer of heat energy using light which travels through space as waves. |
| Convergence | when air streams come together, causing them to rise vertically. |
| Hurricane | A storm with violent winds of about 119 kilometers per hour or higher. , in particular a tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Ocean. A tropical storm that rotates counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. |
| Precipitation | Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
| Pressure System | an area of the atmosphere where the air pressure is higher or lower than the surrounding air, influencing weather patterns |
| Weather | the state of the atmosphere at a place and time. Typically regarding temperature, dryness, sunshine, wind, precipitation, air pressure |
| Weather map | a map showing the state of the weather over a large area. |
| Coriolis Effect | deflection of matter from a straight path caused by Earth’s rotation |
| Density | the amount of matter in a given space or volume |
| Fronts (cold front and warm front) | transition between two different air masses |
| Ocean Currents (deep & surface) | surface: caused by wind and influences weather deep: caused by density (temp. and/or salinity) |
| Pressure (high and low) | Pressure: the weight of the air high: cooler air is denser and sinks down low: warmer air is less dense and rises up |
| Wind | the movement of air from higher pressure to lower pressure |
| Storm Surge | A “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands. |
| Storm System | a disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow. |
| Surface temperature | temperature at the surface of the Earth. |
| Typhoon | a powerful tropical cyclone with sustained winds of at least 74 mph (64 knots) that forms in the Northwest Pacific Ocean |
| Tropical Cyclone | a rotating storm system with a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produces heavy rain and squalls |
| Tropical Depression | tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (63 kph) or less |
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