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chem unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Joseph Proust | law of definite proportions - any given compound always contains the same ratio of elements |
| Democritus | Atomism - atoms are small indestructible spheres that make up matter |
| John Dalton | law of multiple proportions - If two elements can form two or more different compounds, a fixed amount of the first element will combine with whole number multiples of the second element. |
| J.J. Thomson | Cathode ray tube experiment - discovered electrons - plum pudding model |
| Robert Millikan | Oil drop experiment - deduced charge of a single electron |
| Ernest Rutherford | Gold foil experiment - used alpha particles to discover the nucleus |
| Niels Bohr | quantized energy and line spectra - orbit/planetary model |
| Werner Heisenberg | uncertainty principle - orbitals |
| What keeps a nucleus stable? | the strong force |
| After what atomic number are there no stable isotopes? | 83 |
| alpha particle | 4a2 or 4He2 |
| beta particle | 0B-1 or 0e-1 |
| gamma particle | 0γ0 |
| electron capture | produces x rays - electron combines with a proton to make a neutron |
| positron emission | proton turns into neutron and electron |
| half-life | amount of time passed for half of a large amount of a substance to decay |
| nuclear fission | nucleus is hit by a neutron and splits - creates less energy than nuclear fusion |
| nuclear fusion | two small nuclei fuse to form a larger one - creates more energy than nuclear fission |
| half-life equation | Amount after time = Amount initial * (0.5)^(time passed)/(length of half-life) |
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