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Muscles 1.2

TermDefinition
Tendon A tough band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Skeletal Muscle Voluntary, striated muscle that moves the skeleton.
Cardiac Muscle Involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart; has intercalated discs.
Smooth Muscle Involuntary, non-striated muscle found in the walls of internal organs (like stomach and blood vessels).
Sarcomere The smallest functional (contractile) unit of a muscle fiber; made up of actin and myosin.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum A specialized endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases calcium ions.
Calcium Ions (Ca²⁺) Released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger muscle contraction by binding to troponin.
Actin Filaments Thin protein filaments that slide over myosin during contraction.
Myosin Filaments Thick protein filaments that pull on actin to shorten the sarcomere.
Troponin A regulatory protein that binds calcium to move tropomyosin and expose binding sites on actin.
Tropomyosin A protein that covers actin’s binding sites until calcium binds to troponin.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Provides energy for both contraction and relaxation of muscles.
Muscle Fatigue Occurs when muscle fibers run out of ATP, oxygen, or build up lactic acid, causing weakness or loss of contraction.
Electromyogram (EMG) A test that records electrical activity in muscles to measure function and detect abnormalities.
Tetany A sustained muscle contraction caused by rapid, repeated stimulation with no relaxation phase.
Created by: user-1898591
 

 



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