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bio 112
exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what is ecology? | the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. |
| ______ components are the living parts of an ecosystem (plants, animals, bacteria) | biotic |
| ______ components are the non-living factors of an ecosystem (temperature, sunlight, water, soil, climate). | abiotic |
| what are the 4 levels/scales of ecology? | organismal, population, community, & ecosystem |
| ecologists carry out _______ by making observations, forming hypotheses, performing experiments or field studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions — following the scientific method. | studies |
| what are the 6 major abiotic factors? | temperature, water, sunlight, wind, rocks/soil, & periodic disturbances |
| the __________ ______ is the natural warming of Earth’s surface as greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, H₂O vapor) trap heat. | greenhouse effect |
| we use ice cores, tree rings, and sediment data that show historical CO₂ and temperature levels to document what? | temperature changes over time |
| rising temperatures, melting ice caps, sea-level rise, habitat loss, species extinction, and shifts in species distributions are all consequences of what? | global warming |
| how does climate affect ecological communities? | it determines which organisms can survive and where they are distributed; changes in temperature or rainfall alter entire ecosystems. |
| the _______ __________ biome is warm, wet, and has high biodiversity | tropical rainforest |
| the _______ biome has grasslands with scattered trees, and seasonal rain | savanna |
| the ______ biome has low rainfall, extreme temps, and adapted organisms | desert |
| the _________ biome has a Mediterranean climate, shrubs, fire-adapted | chaparral |
| the _________ _________ biome has fertile soils and seasonal drought | temperate grasslands |
| the _________ _________ ______ has seasonal temps and broadleaf trees | temperate deciduous forest |
| the __________ ______ (_____) has cold, evergreen trees | coniferous forest (taiga) |
| the ______ has cold, permafrost, low vegetation | tundra |
| the _________ (______) has variable climate with altitude | mountains (alpine) |
| the _______ biomes have freshwater and marine ecosystems | aquatic |
| __________ _______ is the study of how populations grow, interact, and change over time and space. | population ecology |
| __________ is the statistical study of population characteristics — birth rates, death rates, age structure, etc. | demography |
| What are the 3 patterns of population spacing? | clumped, uniform, & random |
| which pattern of population spacing is due to resource availability and is often seen in elephants? | clumped |
| which pattern of population spacing is due to territoriality or competition and is often seen in penguins? | uniform |
| which pattern of population spacing is due to unpredictable spacing, often seen in dandelions? | random |
| What are the 2 main reproductive strategies? | r-selected & K-selected |
| with the _-________ reproductive strategy there are many offspring, little care, and high mortality. an example of this is insects | r-selected |
| with the _-________ reproductive strategy there are few offspring, and high parental care. an example of this is elephants | K-selected |
| a ____ _____ is a summary showing age-specific survival and reproduction rates in a population. | life table |
| a ____________ _____ is a graph showing the proportion of individuals alive at each age. | survivorship curve |
| a type _ survivorship curve shows high survival in early/midlife, and low survival at old age. humans are one example of this | 1 |
| a type _ survivorship curve shows. a constant death rate. birds are an example of this type. | 2 |
| a type _ survivorship curve shows s high juvenile death, where few survive to adulthood. fish and plants are examples of this type | 3 |
| Ro > 1 means the population is _______ | growing |
| Ro = 1 means the population is ______ | stable |
| Ro < 1 means the population is _________ | declining |
| ___________ __________ ______ is when rapid population increase when resources are unlimited and is shown in a J-shaped curve. | exponential population growth |
| Resource scarcity, competition, disease, predation all limits ___________ _______ | exponential growth |
| an s-shaped logistic growth may show ______ to exponential growth | limits |
| ______-__________ factors are factors that intensify as population density increases. some examples are competition, disease, and predation. | density-dependent |
| _____-____________ factors are factors that are unrelated to density. these include weather, natural disasters, and human activity. | density-indepdendent |
Created by:
bellabarkley