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psych test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reflexes | -motor/neural reactions to a specific stimulus -involve activity of specific body parts ex/ human babies are born with a sucking reflex |
| Instincts | -behaviors triggered by a broader range of events (ex aging, change of seasons) -involves movement of the organism as a while (ex sexual activity, migration) |
| Learning | -a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge through experience -involves conscious and unconscious processes |
| Associative Learning | -when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment |
| Classical Conditioning | -process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events -Pavlov's Dog (associated sound of bell with food) |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | -stimulus that elicits a reflexive response (food) |
| Unconditioned Response | -a natural unlearned reaction to a stimulus (salivation in response to food) |
| Neutral Stimulus | -stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response (ringing a bell- does not cause salivation by itself prior to conditioning) |
| Conditioned Stimulus | -stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (the bell) |
| Conditioned Response | -the behavior caused by the conditioned stimulus (salivation) |
| High-order Conditioning | -an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus (the second-order stimulus), so that eventually the new stimulus also elicits the conditioned response, without the initial conditioned stimulus being presented |
| High-order Conditioning example | 1. cat is conditioned to salivate when hears electric can opener 2.squeaky cabinet door (second-order stimulus) is paired w the can opener 3. cat salivates when hears squeaky cabinet door |
| Acquisition | -the initial period of learning when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
| Extinction | -decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus ex. if food stops being presented with the sound of the bell then eventually the dog will stop responding to the bell |
| Spontaneous Recovery | -the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period |
Created by:
emma.thornton