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RE Ch. 13-14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a temporary loss of brain function caused by a blow to the head | concussion |
| the series of vertebrae extending from the base of the skull to the tip of the tailbone (coccyx); also referred to as the spinal column or the vertebral column | spine |
| an injury to the brain resulting from an external force such as a blow to the head or a penetrating injury to the brain | traumatic brain injury (TBI) |
| the 33 bones of the spine | vertebrae |
| The head, which is easily injured, contains what? | brain and face |
| The neck contains | bone and soft tissue |
| The spine has ___ cervical, __ thoracic, and ___ sacrum and coccyx | 7, 12, 5, 9 |
| Look for MOI and assume head or spine injury if victim is | unconscious, involved in a car accident or another significant force, injured from fall greater than person's height, safety helmet is broken, has neck or back pain, not fully alert, appears to be intoxicated, frail, or older than 65, child younger than 3 |
| a cylindrical structure extending from the base of the skull to the lower back, consisting mainly of nerve cells and protected by the spinal cord | spinal cord |
| signs and symptoms of serious injury | changes in consciousness, severe pain or pressure, tingling or loss of sensation in extremities, partial or complete paralysis, unusual bumps or depressions, sudden loss of memory, blood or fluid in ears or nose, profuse external bleeding, seizures |
| more signs and symptoms of serious injury | impaired breathing or vision from injury, nausea or vomiting, persistent headache, loss of balance, Battle's sign (darkness around ear), Raccoon eyes (dark circles) |
| Care for serious injures: use ___ stabilization, do not remove ____, minimize _____, check for ____, control ____, do not move _____, and treat for ____ | manual, helmets or equipment, movement, life-threatening conditions, bleeding, penetrating objects, shock |
| signs and symptoms of concussions | confusion, headache, memory loss- antegrade and retrograde amnesia, nausea/vomiting, speech problems, blurred vision or light sensitivity |
| emergency care-call 9-1-1 for concussions | manual stabilization, open airway, encourage victim to talk to you, treat for shock |
| Ask the responsive person the following questions: does your ____, what _____, ___ specifically does it hurt, can you ____? | head, neck or back hurt, happened, where, move your hands and feet |
| open wound to scalp: control bleeding with ____, apply several ____ and hold them in place with ____ hand or ___, press gently ___ wound, secure dressings with a _____, and ____ injured area carefully before calling 9-1-1 or DE# | direct pressure, bandages, gloved, protective barrier, around, roller bandage or triangular bandage, examine |
| You can stop a nosebleed by having the person _____ while _____ | pinch their nostrils together, sitting with the head slightly forward |
| If the person if bleeding from the mouth and you do not suspect a serious head, neck, or spinal injury, | place the person in a seated position leaning slightly forward or on their side in the recovery person, and have the person hold a gauze pad at the site of bleeding and apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding |
| For injuries that penetrate the lip, | place a rolled gauze pad between the lip and the gum |
| If a tooth is knocked out, control bleeding by placing a ____ into the space left by the missing tooth and have the person _____ | rolled gauze pad, gently bite down to maintain pressure |
| If an object passes completely through the cheek and becomes embedded, and you cannot control bleeding with the object in place or CPR is necessary, | the object should be removed so that you can control bleeding and keep the airway clear |
| Care for cheeks with embedded object: remove object by pulling it out in the ___ direction it entered, fold or roll several dressings and place them inside _____, apply dressings to the ____ of the cheek. | same, the mouth, outside |
| Cheek with embedded object: if there are no suspected head, neck or spinal injuries, place the person in a ____ position, leaning slightly forward, so that blood will not drain into the throat, call ____ | seated, 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number |
| To care for a foreign body in the eye: try to remove it by telling the person ____ until ____ | to blink several times before gently flushing eye with water, EMS personnel arrive |
| eye w/ embedded object: place person in ____ position while another person stabilizes their head, do not attempt ____, stabilize the object by ____, position bulky dressings ____ impaled object and cover it with ____ that's bandaged and dressed on eyes | face-up; to remove any embedded object; encircling the eye with a gauze dressing or soft sterile cloth without applying pressure to area; around; shield (paper cup) |
| Control bleeding from the soft tissues of the ear by | applying direct pressure to the affected area with a gloved hand or other barrier |
| Care for foreign objects in ear: remove it if ____, do not try to remove it with a ____ because ___, and _____ if you cannot easily remove it | you can easily see and grasp the object; pin, toothpick or a similar sharp item; you could force the object farther back or puncture the eardrum; seek more advanced medical care |
| If a person has a serious head injury that causes blood or other fluids to drain out the ear, | loosely cover the ear with a sterile dressing and call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number |
| forces back beyond its limits in strength or flexibility, such improper lifting techniques or working in a cramped space in a bent-over or awkward position | lower back injuries |
| signs and symptoms of lower back injuries | shooting pain, sharp pain, tightness, inability to bend over without pain, numbness/tingling, difficulty moving, loss of bladder or bowel control |
| Call 9-1-1 or the DE# immediately if ___ and then ___- | if signs of spinal cord injury or older adult with severe back pain; keep the person warm and quiet as you wait for EMS personnel to arrive |
| an abnormal bulging of an artery due to weakness in the blood vessel; may occur in the aorta, brain, leg or other location | aneurysm |
| Care for lower back injuries | consult physician, call 9-1-1 or DE#, cold treatment, bed rest, pain-relieving medications, exercise to strengthen back and abdominal muscles according to physician's directions |
| middle part of trunk, containing stomach, liver, intestines, and spleen | abdomen |
| upper part of trunk, containing heart, major blood vessels, and lungs | chest |
| the external reproductive organs | genitals |
| the lower part of trunk, containing intestines, bladder, and internal reproductive organs | pelvis |
| the cage of bones formed by the 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum and the spine | rib cage |
| basic guidelines for chest, abdomen, and pelvis injuries | call 9-1-1 or DE#, limit movement, monitor breathing and signs of life, control bleeding, and take steps to minimize shock |
| long, flat bone in the middle of the rib cage; also called the breastbone | sternum |
| causes of chest injuries | motor-vehicle collisions, falls, sports mishaps and crushing or penetrating forces |
| an object, such as a stick, knife, penetrates the chest wall or fractured ribs break through the skin | open chest injury |
| does not break skin, caused by blunt objects, such as steering wheels or falling onto an object | closed chest injury |
| signs and symptoms of chest injuries | trouble breathing or no breathing, severe pain at the site of the injury, flushed, pale, ashen or blue skin, obvious deformity from a fracture, coughing up bright red or dark blood, bruising at site of blunt injury, a sucking noise when breathing |
| caused by direct force to the chest, rarely calm, shallow breathing, support injured area with hand or arm and lean towards side of fracture, possible internal injuries | rib fractures |
| signs and symptoms of rib fractures | MOI, bruising on chest, trouble breathing |
| have the person with a fractured rib rest in a position that will ____, don't move them if they ____, give them a ____ to hold against fractured ribs to support and immobilize the area, use a ___ to hold their arm and soft splint against injured side | ease breathing, have a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, blanket or pillow, sling and binder |
| if the injury penetrates the rib cage and is large enough to remain open, air can pass freely in and out of the chest cavity, and the person cannot breathe normally, resulting in a sucking sound coming from the wound with each breath | sucking chest wound |
| if the open chest wound is bleeding severely, apply firm, DP with __ to the wound edges | your gloved hand and a dry, sterile gauze dressing or item of clothing |
| If the bleeding stops or is minimal, ___. If it's significant and continues __ | leave the wound uncovered while waiting for EMS personnel to arrive; periodically remove your hand and check to see that the dressing as become soaked with blood or a clot, thus inadvertently creating an occlusive dressing |
| The use of an occlusive dressing - or a dressing that becomes saturated with blood - can cause an immediate LTC known as a ___; only exception to the rule to never remove the original dressing on a bleeding wound | tension pneumothorax |
| do not remove the impaled object unless it _____, ____ the object t prevent further damage, remove ___ to expose wound, control bleeding by applying DP ___, use ___ around it to hold it in place, carefully pack ___, and secure them with ____ | interferes with chest compressions; stabilize; clothing; to the edges of the wound; sterile bulky dressing or gauze; dressing; gauze, cravat or tape |
| located behind the stomach and protected somewhat by the lower left ribs, the spleen is the most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ | spleen |
| signs and symptoms of abdominal injuries | severe abdominal pain, bruising, external bleeding, nausea and vomiting, pale, or ashen, cool, moist skin, weakness, thirst, pain, tenderness, or tight feeling in abdomen, organs protruding from A, rigid A muscles, other signs and symptoms of shock |
| Care for open wound to A: put on __ or use, do not apply ____ or ____ protruding organs back into the open wound, remove ____ from around the wound | disposable latex-free gloves, another barrier; DP, push, clothing |
| care for closed A injury: carefully position person ___, apply __ loosely over wound, cover dressing loosely with ___ to make an OD and with a _____ to maintain warmth | on their back with the knees bent; moist, sterile or clean dressing; plastic wrap, folded towel |
| care for impaled object in A: don't ___ object, dress the wound ___ it to control bleeding, and ___ it with bulky dressings to prevent movement | remove; around; stabilize |
| signs and symptoms of pelvic or genital injuries | severe pain, bruising, external bleeding, nausea and vomiting, weakness, thirst, pain, tenderness or a tight feeling in the area, organs protruding from the area, rigid abdominal muscles, other signs and symptoms of shock |
| after calling 9-1-1 or the DE# if you suspect a pelvic injury, | do not move the person due to a suspected lower spine injury, try to keep the person lying flat, watch for signs of internal bleeding, and take steps to minimize shock until EMS personnel take over |
| For injuries to the penis (CW), wrap the injury in a ____ and apply a ____ | soft, sterile dressing moistened with saline solution; cold compress to reduce pain and swelling |
| If the penis is partially or completely amputated, apply a ____ to help stop bleeding. Wrap any parts in a ___ before placing them in a labeled plastic bag (___, ___, ___). Keep it cool in a larger bag containing ____. | sterile pressure dressing; sterile gauze; person's name, time, date; an ice and water slurry |
| care for injured female genitals - control bleeding with pressure using _____, use a _____ for the wound to stabilize any impaled objects with a bandage | compresses moistened with saline; diaper-like dressing or feminine pads; |
| signs and symptoms of scalp injuries | pain and bleeding |
| apply DP on open scalp injury if no ____, apply several ____, secure bandages with ____, and treat for ___ | skull fracture, dressings, roller gauze, shock |
| before removing an object from the cheek | place victim in seated position slightly forward |
| when caring for nose injuries, | do not remove foreign objects, use petroleum jelly to stop bleeding, and treat for shock |
| signs and symptoms of eye injuries | immediate swelling, difficulty opening eye if foreign object |
| signs and symptoms of ear injuries | bleeding if external, pain, loss of hearing |
| signs and symptoms of mouth, jaw, and neck injuries | bleeding and difficulty breathing |
| care for MJN injuries: place seated _____ only if safe to do so, control ____, place tooth in ____, ____ stabilization, treat for ____ | leaning forward, bleeding, milk or saliva, manual, shock |
| If neck injury has open arteries, | use occlusive dressings |
Created by:
alumesi