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socio weak spots
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Emile Durkheim introduce to Sociology? | he established sociology as a formal academic discipline, and published “The Rules of Sociological Methods” and “Elementary Forms of Religious” |
| Define Historical Materialism | conception of history through material conditions rather than ideological foundations |
| Who was Max Weber? | Author of “The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism” |
| What was Weber's Verstehende soziologie = interpretive sociology? | “A science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order to arrive at a casual explanation of its course and effects” (Weber, 1922) |
| What did George Simmel focus on? | Emergence of social form and micro-level interaction |
| Define Formal sociology | the study of the forms of social interaction, such as competition or subordination, to find common patterns across different social contexts |
| Who was the first black sociologist | W.E.B DUBOIS, Author of “The Soul of Black Folks” |
| Define interpretive theories | research perspectives focused on understanding how individuals and groups create meaning in their everyday lives and social interactions |
| Who was the founder of Social interactionism | George Herbert Mead |
| What are the three premises of social interactionism? | 1) people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them; 2) the meaning of those things comes from social interaction; and 3) these meanings are handled and modified through an interpretation process. |
| Two values of critical sociology | 1. That human life is worth living, or rather that it can be and ought to be made worth living. 2. In a given society, specific possibilities exist for the improvement of human life and the specific ways and means of realizing these possibilities |
| Define dialectical approach | a method of reasoning that involves examining opposing or contradictory ideas to find a resolution or a deeper truth |
| 4 characteristics of dialectical approach | Everything is related 2. Everything in society is dynamic -Gradual accumulation may create transformation Tension formed around the relationship of power is the key driver of social change |
| define empirical evidence | evidence collected through direct experience and/or observation |
| What are the Six Common Sociological Methods | Survey 2. Interviews 3. Participants Observation 4. Content Analysis 5. Secondary Data Analysis 6. Participatory Action Research |
| key framework of sociological methods | Levels of analysis, Mixed method, Triangulation, Ethical Concerns |
| What methodology is critical approach | both qualitative and quantitative |
| define Operational | Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study |
| define Intervening variable | A variable that can change the dependent variable due to the change in the independent variable |
| Define Spurious correlation | False correlation between two or more variables |
| define Formal norms | Written and established rules which are agreed upon to serve most people |
| define Material culture | The objects or belongings of a group of people |
| Define Nonmaterial culture | the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society. |
| Define looking glass theory | looking glass theory posits that our self-concept is developed through a social process, based on our perception of how others view us |
| What was Erik Eriksons view/theory on self development | Theory of personalitydevelopment - Culturally diverse |
| who introduced looking glass theory | Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929) |
| Who introduced me and I theory | George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) |
| Who introduced four stages of child development | George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) |
| what is Construction self | Construction self is a response to other’s reaction to you |
| define Deductive Reasoning | Hypothesis derived from theory and measured - Quantitative data collection |
| define Inductive Reasoning | Hypothesis emerges only after a substantial period of direct observation or interaction with subjects - Qualitative data collection |
| elements of "interview" method | Quantitative survey’s open-ended questions structured Qualitative Structured Semi structured Unstructured Power relations and imbalance of power |
| elements of "survey" method | Data collection from subjects who respond to a series of questions, Population, sample, random sample (random population |
| elements of "participant observation" | Learning through observation Explore the experience from the inside Recording all observation Seek a pattern to formulate a clear hypothesis Three types of participant observation 1. Covert 2. Semi-covert 3. Open |
| elements of "content analysis" | reliably and consistently observed , use of text, quanitative vs qualitative |
| elements of "secondary data" | A research method analyzing the existing data and archival materials Nonreactive research = Unobtrusive research |
| elements of "Participatory Action Research" | Combination of action-oriented goals and the participation of research subjects |
| What are the three levels of analysis | Macro: countries, governments, economies. Meso: companies, occupations, Poli parties. Micro: Individuals, conversations, books |
| define mixed method | Mixed methods is a research approach that combines both quantitative (numerical data) and qualitative (non-numerical data) methods |
| define triangulation | triangulation is a research strategy that uses multiple methods, data sources, theories, or researchers to study a single phenomenon |
| define ethical concerns | Ethical concerns in social contexts involve moral conflicts arising from actions, structures, or technologies that have societal impact |
Created by:
aishamahboob