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isds 351
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Business Intelligence (BI)? | A set of technologies and processes for gathering, storing, and analyzing data to support better business decisions. |
| What are the 5 Vs of Big Data? | Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value. |
| Give two examples of Big Data sources. | Social media data, IoT sensors, business transactions, or web logs. |
| What does ETL stand for? | Extract, Transform, Load. |
| What happens in each ETL step? | Extract = retrieve data; Transform = clean and format it; Load = store it in a data warehouse. |
| What’s a Data Lake? | A repository storing raw, unprocessed data in all formats (structured/unstructured). |
| Difference between a Data Warehouse and a Data Mart? | Warehouse = organization-wide; Mart = department-focused (smaller subset). |
| What are the 4 types of NoSQL databases? | Document, Key-Value, Column-Family, Graph. |
| What is Hadoop used for? | Distributed storage and processing of Big Data. |
| What does HDFS stand for? | Hadoop Distributed File System. |
| What is an In-Memory Database (IMDB)? | Stores data in RAM for real-time analytics and super-fast access. |
| What are the 4 types of Business Analytics? | Descriptive (what happened), Diagnostic (why), Predictive (what will happen), Prescriptive (what should we do). |
| What is a network? | A system connecting computers/devices to share resources an |
| Name the five main network topologies? | Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Hybrid. |
| What are the main types of networks? | AN, LAN, MAN, WAN, VPN. |
| What’s the difference between bandwidth and latency? | Bandwidth = data capacity; Latency = delay time. |
| Which medium is fastest and immune to interference? | Fiber-optic cable. |
| What does TCP/IP stand for and what do they do? | Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol; TCP ensures delivery, IP routes data. |
| MAC vs. IP address — what’s the difference? | MAC = physical hardware ID; IP = logical network ID. |
| What’s the function of a router vs. a switch? | Router connects networks; switch connects devices within a LAN. |
| What is DNS used for? | Converts domain names (like google.com) to IP addresses. |
| What is IoT (Internet of Things)? | Physical devices connected to the internet that collect/share data. |
| Define E-Commerce | Buying or selling goods/services online |
| What are the main types of E-Commerce? | B2B,B2C,C2C |
| What is E-Government and its types? | Online interaction between government and others — G2C, G2B, G2G. |
| Define M-Commerce. | Mobile commerce — transactions via smartphones or tablets. |
| What is Omnichannel retailing? | A unified experience across online, mobile, and physical stores. |
| What is Social Commerce? | Using social media platforms to buy/sell products. |
| Two advantages and two challenges of E-Commerce? | ✅ Global reach, 24/7 access; ❌ Cybersecurity issues, privacy concerns. |
| What is the goal of Scope Management? | Ensure the project includes all required work and only the required work. |
| What is Scope Creep? | Uncontrolled expansion of project scope without time/cost/resource changes. |
| Name the 6 Scope Management processes (in order). | Plan Scope Mgmt → Collect Requirements → Define Scope → Create WBS → Validate Scope → Control Scope. |
| What are key outputs of Collect Requirements? | Requirements Documentation and Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM). |
| What is the Scope Statement? | A detailed description of project deliverables, acceptance criteria, and exclusions. |
| What is a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)? | A hierarchical decomposition of the total project work into smaller components. |
| What is the lowest level of the WBS called? | A Work Package — assignable, measurable, and trackable. |
| What is the purpose of Schedule Management? | To manage timely project completion. |
| Name the 6 Schedule Management processes. | Plan Schedule Mgmt, Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Durations, Develop Schedule, Control Schedule. |
| What’s a network diagram used for? | To visualize dependencies and task order. |
| What are the 4 dependency types? | Finish-to-Start, Start-to-Start, Finish-to-Finish, Start-to-Finish. |
| What is the Critical Path? | The longest path through the network — tasks with zero float. |
| Formula for Float (Slack)? | Float = LS – ES = LF – EF. |
| What chart visually shows task durations and dependencies? | Gantt Chart. |
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