Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Water Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is precipitation? | Any form of water that falls from the sky |
| What is run-off? | Precipitation running off the land surface into rivers and streams |
| What is infiltration? | Precipitation moving down to become groundwater |
| What is evaporation? | Occurs in any place water is exposed to air |
| What is transpiration? | Water vapor released by plants |
| What is sublimation? | Ice turning directly into a gas without melting |
| What is condensation? | Occurs in the atmosphere |
| Where is the majority of Earth's water stored? | Oceans |
| Where is the majority of Earth's fresh water stored? | Ice |
| What two factors contribute to a stream? | How big the watershed is and how much precipitation |
| What are the factors that matter for life of a stream? | Temperature and shade, Oxygen (riffle and pool systems), and Food source/nutrients |
| What does increased erosion lead to when considering life of a stream? | Increased sedimentation that can choke out life due to lack of oxygen |
| What is a riparian zone? | Areas along a stream or water course; typically include streambanks and floodplains |
| Why are riparian zone habitats important? | Energy transfer (Nutrients from dying plant matter), Buffers against floods, Biologically productive, Helps reduce sedimentation, Filters pollution |
| What is an impermeable surface? | Any surface that does not allow infiltration |
| What do impermeable surfaces increase? | Flooding and pollution |
| What is riprap? | Rock or other large material to protect soft stream bank |
| What problems do ripraps cause? | Increase erosion downstream, Prevents riparian zone and other vegetation from establishing, Creates problems for critters in a stream, Increases water temperatures |
| What is a point bar? | Slower flow on the interior of the channel |
| What is a cut bank? | Flow faster on outer part of meander |
| What part of river curve do you find erosion? | Outside |
| What part of river curve do you find deposition? | Inside |
| What is erosion? | Wearing away of materials |
| What is deposition? | Material is dropped |
| What is an aquifer? | Rock or sediment holding a significant amount of groundwater |
| What do good aquifers have? | High porosity, High permeability, Sand, Gravel |
| What is a cone of depression? | Water pumped out of water table too fast |
| How does a cone of depression affect neighboring wells? | Lowers water table (makes a V shape) |
| What is point source pollution? | Contaminants that can be traced to a clearly identifiable conduit |
| What is an example of a point source pollutant? | Pipe, channel, ditch |
| What is non-point source pollution? | Contaminants with a broad source |
| What is an example of a non-point source pollutant? | Agriculture, industry |
| What is agricultural pollution? | Agricultural runoff in the form of excess nutrients from fertilizers; sediments from plowing, tree clearing ; ecoli & fecal coliform |
| What is eutrophication? | Lack of oxygen in a body of water due to dying algae; form of agricultural runoff |
| What is industrial pollution? | Wide array of chemicals released directly into water; mine waste and tailings |
| What is an example of an industrial pollutant? | Lead, mercury |
| What is sewage? | Human waste contains high amounts of nutrients and materials |
| What is residence time? | How long water stays in a particular reservoir |
| What is the origin of streams? | Meltwater and rain on the slopes of mountains, Lakes and Springs |
| What is a watershed? | Area of land drained by a stream |
| What do streams connect to form? | A larger drainage basin or watershed |
| What is a drainage divide? | High ground that separates drainage basins |
| What is a permanent stream? | Contain flowing water all year round |
| What is an ephemeral stream? | Contain flowing water for only part of the year |
| What are headwaters? | Beginning of the stream |
| What is the mouth of a stream? | The end of a stream |
| What is a meander? | Loops along a river formed from erosion |
| What is an oxbow lake? | Half moon shaped lake formed from a cut off meander |
| What does using wood and plants do to control erosion? | Wood provides roughness to slow down river, Allows for sediment to get trapped, Plants to establish |
| What is groundwater? | Water in materials below Earth’s surface |
| What is porosity? | Amount of empty space in a material |
| What is permeability? | Ability to flow |
| What is an aquitard? | Material that prevents water flow |
| What are two common aquitards? | Clay and Shale |
| How can groundwater recharge itself? | Infilitration and Streams |
| What is good infiltration? | Steady rainfall |
| What is bad infiltration? | Heavy rainfall |
| What gets more infiltration? | Fields |
| What gets less infiltration? | Urban areas |
| What are some solutions to impermeable surfaces? | Rain barrels, rain gardens, and permeable paving |
| What is permeable paving? | Specially designed materials that allow for infiltration such as stone, brick, or flagstone |
| What is overdraft? | Occurs when groundwater extraction occurs more rapidly than recharge |
| What is ground subsidence? | Sinking; removing groundwater causes pore spaces to collapse and land to sink |
| What is a flood? | Temporary overflow into adjacent lands not normally covered by water |
| What affects flooding? | Short bursts (of heavy rain = flooding) or constant rain, Soil saturation is exceeded (due to constant rain), Ice Jams/dams |
| How do human activities affect flooding? | Impermeable surfaces and wetland removal |
| When considering flood control, how does one adjust? | Relocation |
| What is desalination? | Remove salt from water to make it drinkable |
| What is xeriscaping? | Landscaping or gardening that minimizes the use of water |
Created by:
user-1965680