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Enzymes I
| Three ways to increase the rate of a chemical reaction? | Increase temperature, increase the concentration of reacting substances, and adding a catalyst |
| Enzymes differ from simple chemical catalyst in their | efficiency and specificity |
| The enzymes name will reflect? | the reaction it catalyzes |
| An enzyme is usually a protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction without | being consumed itself |
| exception? | ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as catalyst |
| Most enzymes are high specific for ? | their substrates |
| a characteristic of enzyme is | that they are specific |
| Enzymes have an active site? T or F | True |
| Substrates bind to enzymes at the | active site |
| 6 major classes of enzymes | oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases |
| Oxidoreductases | Lactate <---> lactatse dehyrogenase <---> Pyruvate NAD to NADH |
| OIL RIG Oxidation | loss of electrons |
| OIL RIG Reduction | gain of electrons |
| Transferases | Kinase catalyzes phosphorylation of molecules Glucose ------ hexokinase ----- glucose-6-phosphate ATP to ADP bottom molecules on right side gets a PO 2, 3 |
| Hydrolases | Urea ----- Urease --- CO2 + 2NH3 is with the use of H20 |
| Lyases | Pyruvate -----> pyruvate decarboxylase -----> acetaldehyde COO- goes to a CO2 Catalyze group elimination (often to form double bonds) reversible reaction a group may be added |
| Isomerases | Methylmalonyl CoA <-----> methylmalonyl mutase <------> Succinyl CoA -OOC moves to -OOC moving a group or a double bond within the same molecule |
| Ligases | Pyruvate ----> pyruvate carboxylase ----> oxaloacetate CO2 converts to -OOC ATP to ADP + Pi |
| The height of the activation energy barrier determines the rate of a reaction? T o F | True |
| In a graph where are the reactants and products? | The left side is reactants and right side is products |
| The height of the activation energy barrier is where on a graph | is the portion between the bottom line and the top line |
| Delta G reaction = G products - G reactants | True |
| Exergonic Reaction | G < 0 Spontaneous Products under the line |
| Endergonic | G > 0 non-spontaneous products above the line |
| Enzymes lower the activation energy for a reaction ? T or F | True uncatalyzed reaction line on top of catalyzed reaction |
| what are characteristics of enzymes | specificity, speed up reactions, is not consumed in the reaction |
| what is found at the height of the activate energy barrier? | transition state |
Created by:
sofialorena