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Juv Dil Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Masculinity Hypothesis? | The view that women who commit crimes have biological and psychological traits similar to men |
| Describe Gender-Schema Theory | It is a developmental theory that holds children internalize gender scripts reflecting the gender-related social practices of the culture. Once internalized, these gender scripts predispose the kids to contruct a self-identity that correlates with it |
| What is the Gender Similarities Hypothesis? | It is the belief that gender differences in personality, cogitation, intellect, etc are much smaller than previously thought. |
| What is the Chivalry Hypothesis? | It is the view that low female crime rates are a reflection on the leniency that police treat female offenders |
| Describe Liberal Feminism | Women are less delinquent than men b/c their social roles provide them w/ less opportunities to commit them. As gender roles become more similar so will crime rates b/w genders |
| Describe Critical Feminism | Theory that holds gender inequalities stem from the power imbalance of men/women. The cause of female delinquency originates w/ onset of male supremacy/efforts by men to control female sexuality. |
| What is the power-control theory? | A theory claiming that gender differences in delinquency rates are a function of class differences and economic conditions that influence the structure of family life. |
| What are Egalitarian Families? | Families where the husband/wife share power at home. Daughters tend to gain freedoms similar to sons and law-violating behaviors mirror that of the brother |
| What is the Enhancement Hypothesis? | Hypothesis combining the selection and facilitation hypothesis. Holds that those who join gangs are already predisposed to delinquency and by joining such behavior is enhanced |
| Which process refers to when close friends reinforce deviant behavior through talk and interaction ? | deviency training |
| What did the Gang Prevention and Intervention Survey find? | That 2/3 of gang members reported having fellow members whose parents were also active members |
| Collaboration among street gangs has decreased, most gangs now fight over drug distribution in certain areas | false |
| Which Federal Law has been the impetus for States to improve legal frameworks of their child protection systems? | Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act |
| What does Effective Parenting do? | Lowers the risk of engaging in delinquency of children in high crime areas |
| The link between parental conflict and delinquency was established more than 50 years ago. How a child views their parent's marital status indicates potential for deviancy | True |
| What is does the changing role of women in society serve as? | The explanation for the increase in female criminality |
| What are the major gender differences in development? | Cognition personality socialization |
| Which side of the brain is associated with each gender? | Females = left Males = right |
| Between what ages do gender differences in aggression become noticeable when children are socialized in organized groups? | 3 and 6 |
| Some biosocial theorists hold that gender differences in delinquency rates can be explained by inborn differences in aggression | True |
| Lombroso maintained that men were lower on the evolutionary scale than women | True |
| What is deviancy training? | The process in which close friends reinforce deviant behavior choices through talk and interactions |
| What is an interstitial Group? | A delinquent group that fills a crack in the social fabric and maintains standard group practices like setting goals, recruiting new members, and assigning roles |
| What is a near-group? | Clusters of youth who seem unified but actually have limited cohesion, sets of norms, or are constantly shifting roles |
| What are Klikas? | Subgroups of same-aged kids in Hispanic gangs that remain together and have separate names and unique identies within the gang |
| What is a detached street worker? | A social worker who goes into the community to establish close relationships w/ gangs w/ the goal of modifying gang behavior to conform to social norms and help members to obtain jobs and education |
| What did the Maryland v. Craig case do? | Case that established that CCTV testimony is legal in child abuse cases due to it requiring determination of child experiencing duress if forced to testify in court. don't interfere with defendants right to witness |
| What did the White v. Illinois case establish? | Supreme court ruled that state's attorney is not required to produce young victims at trial or to demonstrate the reason as to why they are unavailable to serve as a witness |
| What is a Disposition Hearing? | Hearing in which the social serve agency presents its case plan and recommendations for the care of a child and the treatment of parents (such as potential incarceration, counseling, or rehab) |
| What is a Pretrial Conference? | Meeting in which the attorney for social service agency presents an overview of the case and a plea bargain or negotiation settlement can be agreed to in a consent decree |
| What is an Advisement Hearing? | A preliminary protective or temporary custody hearing in which the courts will review facts, determine whether removal of the child is justified, and notify parents charges against them. |
| What happened in the Santosky v. Kramer Case? | Supreme Court recognized child's right to be free from parental abuse and set down guidelines for termination-of-custody hearing, including right to legal representation |
| What was established in Troxel v. Granville? | Supreme Court ruled that due process clause protects against government interference with certain fundamental rights/liberties, including parent's right to make decisions regarding care, custody, and treatment of child |
| What is the Selection Hypothesis? | Hypothesis that suggests that individuals who join gangs are already predisposed to delinquent behavior before any gang involvement |
| What is the Facilitation Hypothesis? | Hypothesis that suggests gang membership increases likihood of criminal behavior. Gang environment actively promotes and amplifies deviant behavior |
| What is Family Social Capital? | Relationships composed of bonds between parents and children which include the time and attention parents spend communicating and interacting with kids, investing in their activies/hobbies |
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